Summary Everything is a Remix (Complete Updated 2023 Edition) - YouTube (Youtube) www.youtube.com
8,885 words - YouTube video - View YouTube video
Speaker 0 Everything is remix has the best shirts on the Internet, and we now have styles for infants and youths. Say the link below.
Speaker 1 Everything
Speaker 0 Remix. To copy, transform and combine existing materials to produce something new. Remix mixing is everywhere you look. Tiktok remix mixing. You do your version of dance moves, you lip sync to someone else's audio.
Speaker 0 You do it is literally.
Speaker 1 Ren.
Speaker 0 Memes are remix. You take a photo, You repurpose it, then someone else tries it, then there's a flood of everyone trying out combinations. Including remix mixing, other means. When you take something old and use it in something new, that's remix. It might seem like just copying, but it's actually something much more.
Speaker 0 Remix mixing can empower you to be more creative. Remix allows us to make music without playing instruments to create software without coding to create bigger. And more complex ideas out of smaller and simpler ideas. You don't need expensive tools to remix, you don't need a distributor, you don't even need skills or good judgment. Everybody can remix and everybody does.
Speaker 0 From our songs and games and movies and memes to how we train computers to create to the work we make sense of reality to the evolution of life itself, everything is definitely remix. To explain, let's start in the bronx in 19 72. In the early seventies in New York City, a new technique for creating music starts to form. At parties, Dj are looping the dancers favorite parts of songs.
Speaker 2 So he plays the same record on 2 decks. A While the get down plays on 1,
Speaker 3 he choose the same part on 2.
Speaker 0 An early pioneer is Dj Cool, who extends instrumental break by switching back and forth
Speaker 1 get down.
Speaker 0 Between 2 copies of the same record, and he has partners, M seeds, who sometimes speak rhythm over these beats just like many black entertainer have been doing for a long time. Boom, rap music is born and starts to grow. And in the last few decades of the twentieth century, it will transform popular music and the popular imagination. Sylvia Robinson spots this new trend and assembles a teamed to record an actual rap song. She creates a group called the Sugar hill gang.
Speaker 0 They copy the rhythm from Chic Good times and score wraps first hit, rappers delay.
Speaker 1 And what you hear is not a test. Wrap it the b. And me, the groove and my friends are gonna try to move your feet.
Speaker 0 Grand master flash takes cool hooks. Simple idea refine it and turns it into a new. He records the first music created with turn turntable. This technique of taking old bits of music and using it in new music becomes known as sampling. At first, wrap samples are mostly R and b soul and fun.
Speaker 0 Lots of James Brown. But soon, artists are sampling different sorts of music. Like rock. Run Dmc and producer Rick Rubin sample the next my in its tricky.
Speaker 1 Around that #ai on time is tricky.
Speaker 0 A #ai called quest uses the baseline from Blue Reed, walk on the wild side, and can I kick it? Am I kick. Am I. Am I kick. Am The sampling gets more and more ec and more and more complex.
Speaker 0 Public enemy uses non musical sounds, speeches, sound effects, noise. And the Beast boys and producers the dust brothers #ai hundreds of samples in their album, paul's boutiques Sampling spreads outside hip pump into some of the biggest pop hits. #ai in the family's stone get sample in Janet jackson's rhythm Edition). A r by Tom Tom Club is used in Mariah carey. Fantasy.
Speaker 0 The The group lens samples a long forgotten disco hit by Andrea True connection. In steal my sunshine.
Speaker 1 I was on the grass a Sunday morning last week and myself.
Speaker 0 And Britney Spears toxic uses a highly modified sample from an eighties Bo musical but 1 of the most famous and least recognizable samples in pop is in da punk 1 more time. Which #ai up a song by Eddie Jones. Firstly, 3 parts are isolated. Then the song gets slowed down. The second part then loops 3 times, then the first part plays once.
Speaker 0 This little sequence then loops 2 more times Then the third part loops 7 and a half times. Then the first part plays. 1 what This whole sequence loops throughout the song. Eddie John Song becomes a da punk song by just chopping it up, stretching it and rearranging the parts. Sampling reached its pinnacle with the Avalanche album since I left you, which merges perhaps thousands of samples into a swirl of sound unlike anything else.
Speaker 2 That boy is therapy. That.
Speaker 0 The album is layered together from distorted bits of obscure songs, sketch comedy and movie dialogue.
Speaker 1 As the appended the entire stuff, the dexter is criminal listening.
Speaker 0 The title track, loops and speeds up a variety of forgotten songs from the sixties and seventies, then slices up pit shifts and rearrange of vocal, into an entirely new melody.
Speaker 1 Since I'm making
Speaker 0 the world. And finally sampling leaves behind the twentieth century and the world of Cds and vinyl and physical media and takes to an explosive growing new medium, the Internet. Greg Gill project, Girl talk challenges the entire concept of musical ownership with a series of flag illegal mash up albums that can be downloaded for free. Each song is composed entirely of unclear samples by popping of artists. Hop began at block parties in the bronx and grew to dominate popular music.
Speaker 0 And along with it, so did sampling and so remix. Remix is now a core element of music.
Speaker 1 Can watch for now.
Speaker 0 Even when artists aren't remix They're often c and manipulating sound in a similar kind of way. But remix didn't begin with hip hop. Earlier musicians were remix too. They couldn't sample, but they could still comp. Just like rap as a remix, so is rock.
Speaker 0 To explain, let's travel to England. In 19 68. After the breakup of the band, the yard birds, their vi guitar, Jimmy Page. Starts a new group. He recruits John Paul Jones, Robert Plant and John Bon to form lead z.
Speaker 0 They play a new kind of incredibly loud electric blues and within just a few years, they're the biggest band on the planet. And yet, Lead z are dogg by controversy. Many critics and peers label them as rip offs. The case goes like this. Days to confuse features different lyrics, but is clearly an un credit cover, of the same #ai song by Jay Holmes.
Speaker 0 Holmes #ai suit over 40 years later in 2010. A settlement is reached of and holmes name is finally added to the credits.
Speaker 1 Days is and confused for Sun love. It's not true. Confuse, hanging on by a thread.
Speaker 0 The iconic guitar r of H la Love is the creation of Jimmy Page, but Robert Plant lift some of the lyrics from Willie Edition) you need love.
Speaker 1 Wait down. Honey inside. Woman you love.
Speaker 0 The lemon song is also mostly a ep original, but includes... More copied lyrics. This time from Hall Wolves kill floor.
Speaker 1 I'm gonna point you.
Speaker 0 And the most famous example is Z biggest hit, stair way to heaven. The opening of which resembles spirits, tore.
Speaker 1 Miss
Speaker 0 A battle is waged in court for years and Z finally prevail in 2020 when the song is found to not infringe copyright. Z toured with Spirit in 19 68, 3 years before Stair was released. In his sworn testimony, Jimmy Page claims he never heard taurus before #ai stair way. Led Z made mistakes but they were also just doing what artists do, copying from others, transforming these ideas and combining them with other ideas. Hip hop artists were doing the same thing a decade later.
Speaker 0 And they too would sometimes get in trouble for failing to credit. Other artists. Hip hop artists would sample actual recordings, while rock artists would recreate Mel, chords, arrangements and more. Chic good times, 1 of the early major hip hop samples was itself synthesized from various influences throughout culture, like the fun and jazz of seventies and the glamorous sophisticated aesthetic of roxy music.
Speaker 1 Love is the need school.
Speaker 0 Good times famous baseline was inspired by the 1 from Cool in the gangs, Hollywood swinging. It's
Speaker 1 this is a song I wish I had written. So What do #ai do I go? Well damn? If I wrote Hollywood swing, it would go like this. And then I I write good times.
Speaker 1 That go, and I stay on that note.
Speaker 0 Good times, like every other song, remix the musical ideas of others. It was once rare Edition) musicians to admit they copy, but it's become common. Like Dave G has spoken openly about copying beats from disco bands when he was the drummer in Nirvana. I pulled so much stuff from the gap band and cameo and Tony Thompson. On every 1 of those songs.
Speaker 0 All that.
Speaker 1 And what It's home. That's all it is.
Speaker 0 And when a controversy emerged over Olivia, Rodrigo song brutal, perhaps comp an Elvis Cast R. Cast said this was fine and he did it too. It's how rock and roll worse. You take the broken pieces of another thrill and make a brand new toy Musician and Dj Quest love has said that the Dna of every song lies in another. Song.
Speaker 0 All creative ideas are derivative of another. But past musicians have certainly known this as well. The folks singer Au refused to condemn Bob Edition) for copying from her. And instead said this copying is a form of tradition. Well
Speaker 1 because he stole. No. No. We call it folk music. We we call it?
Speaker 1 What do we call it? We don't call a steal. Appropriate. Well, we could, but we don't. It is passing on the folk tradition.
Speaker 1 That influence was just like a key that opened up something that was of his zones. Stuff. So I can't even take credit for that. I can't take credit for how we heard something.
Speaker 0 All musicians are connect to. And these connections, cross continents, and oceans to and decades and centuries. They transcend the barriers that divide people and even unite, the living and the dead. Whose creativity lives on through us. When we create, we often seem alone, but we are in fact, together.
Speaker 0 And yet, copying is complicated. 1 of the most boring things a popular culture is all the relentless copying. There's very clearly many, many, many bad ways to come speed. And that's where we're headed in part 2. Memes are famous for being funny or clever or goofy or even amazing.
Speaker 0 Like these things that look like objects but are actually cake. Memes are fun, but what you might not understand about memes is that they are profound. Let me school you for a moment Don't worry, there will be more memes. Richard Da, seen here in this exclusive footage, coined the term mean in 19 76 in the book. The selfish chain.
Speaker 0 Meme means imitate thing. Memes are just ideas that get copied. And the copies, they mutate, and then these meme mutants, Compete with each other in a global battle royale, and a winner is whichever meme gets copied the most. So means want your attention, means want to spread above all, means want to get copied. Class dismiss.
Speaker 0 Here hit means. Memes are now the dominant method of broadcast among young people. Often just photos and text but memes can actually be anything. Whatever happens on Tiktok, Instagram, Youtube or the Internet in general is a meme. Jumping a bucket of #ai swaps over your head is a meme.
Speaker 0 Skateboarding and drinking juice while listening fleet wood mac is a meme. Swinging your arms from the back of your body to the of your body repeatedly is a mean. Even buying a stock is a potentially hazardous mean. The slang words we type our means. Front Su came from people playing the game among us.
Speaker 0 Stan came from just Twitter in general and was inspired by an M and M song. In terms like Karen and woke and flex, and fire and slaps and eat and lit, all came from black culture. It's not just slang words that are means every word we speak is a meme that triumph in the great meme battle Royale. The English language and every language is a mega remix of we mouth sounds from around the world. You're paying attention so well, have under me.
Speaker 0 Think of memes this way. Everything you do and then share what the world is a meme. The gestures you make, the dance you dance, the emojis you type, the clothes you wear. The jokes you tell, the tweets you post of her you speak, the clickbait #ai. The thumbnails you create the nonsense you share.
Speaker 0 These are all things we copy and share and modify, they're all means. Chris It's our natural drive to copy from each other that creates memes and creates culture. We love to copy, and we love it when others copy too, just not from us. More on that later. Why do we love copying.
Speaker 0 Why do we love copying. Why do we? Okay stuff? To explain Let's go to the movies. Popular films are all about copying.
Speaker 0 Pretty much all of them are new versions of old stuff. They are sequels, remakes, or adaptations, and that includes pre, reboots and spin offs, which are just re bands of the same thing. Of the top 10 box office of 20 21 thus far, 9 of them are sequels, remakes and adaptation. Jungle Cruise is sort of original, but it's also based on an amusement park ride as most great films are. Congrats, to free guy the lone original movie in the top 10 here, heavily Leo meme.
Speaker 0 The domination of Sequels remakes and adaptations is not new. From 20 12 to 20 21, 92 out of 100 of each year's top 10 hits are other sequels remakes or add up to patience. And in 4 of these years, it's every single film in the top 10. We have an endless appetite for more of the same but difference. We don't just want the same thing over and over, but we definitely like things more familiar than unfamiliar.
Speaker 2 #ai C quote. That is the thing that people want.
Speaker 0 We've got 9 fast and furious movies and counting. We've got 17 Batman film. We've got 36 Godzilla movies. We've got roughly 300 dracula I couldn't count them all. And some movies and shows are now adaptations of fan fiction zones stories written by fans based on their favorite characters.
Speaker 0 And if you think that kind of sounds like all fictional writing? Yeah. It is. Oh, and the video you're watching right now is my second time doing this series or maybe even third it's debatable. Watch now.
Speaker 0 Even when movies and Tv shows aren't sequels or remakes or adaptations, they're still designed to be like other movies. They stick to the rules of Genre, a t French word. Genre films give us familiar stories with familiar characters in familiar situation When you watch a genre movie, you expect certain things. Just like someone playing a new role playing game expects a quest where they level up their stats. Someone watching a genre movie expects the story to deliver the standard elements of the genre.
Speaker 0 A Like if it's a sports movie, the team's gonna suck really bad. They've gotta to be truly pathetic. Then there's a new coach. But more losses. Then a montage, then a string of winds, then the brink of defeat, maybe an inspiring speech, then triumph in the end or at least a moral victory.
Speaker 0 All genres come with these sorts of rules. These sorts of expectations. The movies don't have to do all these things, but they gotta do most, The genre that now reign Supreme above all others is the superhero genre. The Marvel cinematic universe in particular has grown to become the highest grossing franchise in cinema history at over 23000000000 dollars. Superheroes films are built around superheroes.
Speaker 0 Thank you for coming to my Ted talk. All superheroes are similar. Like they all have trademark powers. Superman flies, and he's crazy strong. Wonder woman is also super strong, but has really weird equipment too, like an invisible jet but she wasn't invisible.
Speaker 0 She was just a soaring seated person. #ai. Sorry. So they all have special powers. They protect them.
Speaker 0 Public and do good deeds. They have a dramatic origin story. The bad guy is like a superhero, but evil. And their costume is kinda like underwear, suit of armor, Scuba suit, Fetish square. And yes, this clip is from a real batman movie, First and foremost, though, superheroes are about justice of the fist.
Speaker 0 They fight a super law endlessly, it's their thing. They could definitely dee more often. Sorry, sidetracked again. When we watch a superhero movie, we expect all this and more. Even movies and shows that sub the traditional genre still honor these rules.
Speaker 0 The character of the super is actually the only thing that defines the superhero genre. Superhero films can be a variety of genres as long as there superhero a completely mind numbing amount of fighting. Do they get paid per face punched? Sorry, I keep doing this. But seriously, what is wrong with you people?
Speaker 0 Superhero films can be different genres and Avengers endgame actually has scenes in a variety of genres. There's even a moment that feels like a quirky Indie film. Beyond the character of a superhero. These movies aren't that different from any popular film. They aren't that different from Frozen
Speaker 4 or Moan or Dune or the hunger games, or the Lion King or Avatar or Harry Potter or the matrix or the Lord of the rings or the Shaw redemption or Groundhog day
Speaker 0 or the Godfather or the #ai of the lambs or or spirited away
Speaker 4 or Star Wars for Alice Wonderland or 7 Samurai or to kill
Speaker 0 a Mocking bird or it's a wonderful life or the wizard of Oz. All these or and loads more are just versions of what Joseph Campbell called the Mono or the hero's journey, A series of common plot points found in myths and This underlying structure has been used around the world since pre history. Superheroes are simply the newest, most sophisticated, most spectacular, most face punch version of this ancient formula, the mother. Of all genres. Genres are sets of loose rules that define different types of films.
Speaker 0 Writers and directors play a game with a viewer where they follow these rules or twist them or outright sub them. All movies build on the movies that came before them, In a way, all movies are sequels. Here is what we want. We want characters we know, We want stories we know, we want the familiar. Why?
Speaker 0 We want familiar things because we use old things to understand new things. Just like you use words you know to understand the words you don't know, we use old stories, to understand new stories. Douglas Hof argues that we make sense of the new and unknown in terms of the old and known. Hof claims this process of analogy is the fuel and #ai of thinking.
Speaker 1 Process
Speaker 0 Wanna of the ingenious abilities of humanity, is seeing connections between similar but different things. At the very core of human intelligence, we are seeking similarity. We are comparing new things to old things in order to understand them. And we understand new stories better, when they are made to resemble old stories. And now, here is the point of all this Hold on to your butt.
Speaker 0 The reason that memes and sequels and genres are so overwhelmingly popular. Is because they make new information easier to understand. They play to our desire for familiarity. And just like we understand new things building on top of old things, we create new ideas by building on top of old ideas. When we assume, we mostly consume more of the same but different.
Speaker 0 And when we create, we are mostly creating more of the same but different. There is only 1 way to start creating and that is to start copying. Some of the most innovative influential, and popular films did a lot of copy. Star Wars pioneered a new genre of science fiction by merging together sci f with adventure cereals, western, war films and samurai films. Quentin Tara early films clearly copied elements from countless or other films.
Speaker 0 Jordan Peel get out, follow the template of the Step while lives and transformed the feminist horror drama of the original into a nightmare about secretive racism. And the best Superhero film was created in the same way by remix ideas from the past to create something that is both new and familiar. That film is... I am so sorry that is not the right clip. That film is #ai man into the spider verse.
Speaker 1 Alright. Lip do this 1 last time.
Speaker 0 Into the #ai verse is inspired by a pair of disrespect art forms that have... Conquered popular culture, Hip hop and comic books. The movie has a strong spirit of early hip hop and uses a kind of sampling throughout. It copies from live action film, from 2 d and 3 d animation, and especially from comics. First and foremost, into the #ai verse, is a movie version of a comic book.
Speaker 0 All the graphic elements of comics are here. The panels, speech balloons, captions, These sq things, words for sound effects. This trope is so old they made fun of it in the Batman Tv show from 19 66. Into the Spider verse loves the printed quality of comics, like it uses Ben day dots throughout. These small dot patterns are used in printing to create different colors.
Speaker 0 Roy Lich sign did a version of them at large scale and made them a style. There's actually a lot of dots in the movie. The portal to the multiverse is inspired by the dot patterns created by Jack Kirby. The movie also uses mis registration, which is when printed colors didn't quite line up. It's used throughout the film to create blur.
Speaker 0 So sometimes it kinda looks like A3D movie without the glasses. Into the Spider verse is strongly influenced by classic, hand drawn 2 d animation and anime. The film uses lines to create definition, which is typical in 2 d but rarely done in 3 d films. Even more unusual, a lot of the animation is done on the 2. That means the characters move on every second frame, which is how classic animation was done and it gives the movement a sharp snappy feels Lastly, into the Spider verse pulls lots of techniques from live action film.
Speaker 0 There's a lot of roaming camera movement, a alfonso hormones owns. Children of men is the biggest influence on this style. There are time lapse shots, Rec for a dream was innovative here. There's eden Zooms. Is when the camera doesn't move and the image just gets magnified.
Speaker 0 This was a popular technique in the seventies, especially in Kung movies, which You can't really point to anything in this movie that is original.
Speaker 3 How many much spider people are there?
Speaker 0 And yet as a whole, it is original. What makes into the Spider verse unique, fresh and innovative is its combination of influences. And the film isn't the isolated creation of a single genius. It's the product of many, many, many artists and writers who draw from the deep lineage of Spider man stories and copy countless ideas from comics, movies, music, and art. Copying is the wells spring of all creativity.
Speaker 0 This is where it all begins as we copy and copy and copy, our own voice and our own style emerges. Fashion designer, Y Yam has said, start copying what you love. Copy copy copy copy. At the end of the copy, you will find yourself. First we copy, then we create.
Speaker 0 Stephen King began writing by copying the text from comic books into his notebooks. At some point, #ai began to write my own stories. Imitation, preceded creation. 18 year old Olivia Rodrigo has been harshly criticized for copying from other artists. But this is what all young creators and beginners must do.
Speaker 0 And sometimes young creators will go too far, but would we prefer that they not go far enough? But copying alone is clearly not the answer we seek. Obviously a lot more going on in great creative work than just copying? How does the magic happen? How do innovative ideas emerge from there's the seemingly derivative act of copying.
Speaker 0 We find out in part 3.
Speaker 1 The
Speaker 0 act of creation is surrounded by a fog of myths. Myths that creativity comes #ai inspiration. The the new ideas of the products of geniuses that they come from nowhere and appear as quickly as electricity can heat filament. But creativity isn't magic. It happens by applying ordinary tools of thought to misti materials.
Speaker 0 When we create, we use just 3 simple tools. The first of these forms the soil from which all creations grow we copy. We think of copying as being un #creativity. But copying is at the core creativity and the core of learning. We can't introduce anything new until we're fluent in the language of our domain, and we do that by copying.
Speaker 0 For instance, many of technologies biggest successes began as copy. Minecraft began as a copy of another game. Its creator initially referred to what he was working on. As an in #ai clone. The operating system linux began as a free clone of the #music hop operating system.
Speaker 0 Linux is now the backbone of basically the entire internet. And the clear strategy of Apple is to create made better versions of established products and features. Before Apple Music, there was spotify, before airpods, there were many other Bluetooth earbuds before Apple Watch, there were made any other smartwatch and lots of iphone features first appeared in Android. Although it was apple that invented the smartphone to begin with. Any This strategy extends all the way back to the early eighties and the creation of the Mac, which copied many of the best ideas.
Speaker 0 The Xerox alto. Nobody starts out original. We need copying to build a foundation of knowledge and understanding in And after that, the #ai the limit. After we've grounded ourselves in the fundamentals through... Copying, it's then possible to create something new, using the second creative tool, transform, Taking an idea and creating variations, This is time consuming tinkering, but it can eventually produce a breakthrough.
Speaker 0 Many of the biggest successes in tech. Began as something very different and didn't find success until they were transformed. D discord began as a feature for a game. The game wasn't that success hole, so they dropped it and only kept its chat feature. Pinterest started as a digital replacement for paper catalogs.
Speaker 0 Again, did really work, but people liked 1 of its features, collecting and sharing clipping. So this became the site's core function.
Speaker 1 Don't didn't
Speaker 0 And Tiktok began as a lip syncing app for short music video. But over time, it pivoted to what people really wanted short form video.
Speaker 5 You're done.
Speaker 0 These are all huge successes, But thanks aren't major innovations so much as variations on existing ideas. But the massive breakthroughs that change the world. We rely on the final creative tool, #ai, taking the elements you've copied or transformed and bringing them together, Johannes Sc printing press was invented around 14 40, but almost all its components had been around for centuries. And ford in the Ford motor company didn't invent the assembly line, interchangeable parts or even the automobile itself, but they combined all these elements in 19 o 8 to produce the first mass market car, the model t. And the internet slowly grew for several decades as networks and protocols merged.
Speaker 0 It finally hit critical mass in 19 91 when Tim Be Lee invented the #ai web by combining several well established ideas. These 3 tools are the basic elements of creativity, copy, transform, and #ai. And nowhere is all of this more obvious, than in the realm of games. Video games don't really try to conceal their copy and they comp from everywhere. Video games comp from tabletop games.
Speaker 0 Ale P began tetris as a version of a game from his childhood called Pent domino. To make it simpler. He made the shapes out of 4 squares instead of 5, which greatly reduced the number of pieces. Video games copy from game shows. Word is very similar to the game show lingo, in both you try to find a 5 letter a word within 6 tries.
Speaker 0 And the game tells you when a letter is correct, or when it's somewhere else in the word. But mostly what video games copy from is video games. The history of video games is a chain of new games, taking ideas from old games, tree transforming them and iterating on them Or sometimes it's a single designer iterating on his own ideas, like Nintendo Shi Mia motto, transforming who created a series of hugely influential platform games. But some of the most innovative games who #ai multiple sources. D 6 combined 3 game genres, all of which were done better by other games, but when in a single game, the result was unique and innovative and became 1 of the most acclaimed titles in gaming history.
Speaker 0 Other games copy from sources outlined side gaming. Cup head is a running and gun shooter but it combines 30 style animation with a jazz score, giving it a look and feel that's never been done in game. Some games even allow the players themselves to modify the game. Mods are customized versions of games which can be shared with other players. Plenty of classic games began as mods.
Speaker 1 Employee number 4 2 seven's job was simple. He sat at his desk in room 427. And he pushed buttons on a keyboard.
Speaker 0 The Stanley Parable is a surreal adventure game that sub players expect... Adaptations of gameplay. It began as a free modification of half life 2. Dota 2 otherwise known as defense of the ancients, a hugely popular esports game is a sequel to a game that began as a custom map for warcraft 3. And sometimes mods even turn into entire genre 1 of the biggest phenomenon in gaming has been Fortnite, a free to play, battle Royale games But the origin of Fortnite isn't really Fortnite.
Speaker 0 It did even start with game developers. It started with modern in a seemingly unrelated realm.
Speaker 1 Covering 5. Okay. Let's going?
Speaker 0 The military simulator Arm 2 let players make mods and 1 of these was day z. A survival game with zombies. At this point, in American pop culture history, we were ob obsessed with zombies. Daisy z then became a standalone game, and people could make mods for it. Brendan Green, better known as player unknown was a web design, not a game developer and barely a programmer.
Speaker 1 My code is terrible. Like if I... People tell me to fix the game if #ai try to find the game the servers would explode.
Speaker 0 He saw these mods and wanted to make his own. So he created daisy battle royale, which was inspired by the book movie Battle Royale, where it's all against all until there's 1 winner. If this sounds familiar to you, it's also the plot of the hunger games. Eventually greens mods turned into a new game, player unknowns battleground or Pub g, which also goes on to be become hugely popular. It's only at this point that Fortnite finally enters the scene, but initially it's something very different.
Speaker 0 It's a game where players make a 4 during the day in order to survive night attacks by you guessed it, zombies. But once Fortnite developers, epic games during got a load to pub g, they created a new version that copied Pub g's best ideas. But epic then turned it into something quicker or casual, more cheerful, something that looked great in live streams and was less buggy.
Speaker 6 I got a bug then because there's a floating On my screen here and it's shooting right now.
Speaker 0 An epic added plenty of creative takes on other ideas. They incorporated complex building, they made the game free to play on pretty much any platform and generated income from in game purchases. Fortnite eventually grew into a rich and virtual environment that many consider an early example of the meta. An open Vr world it may be the future of the Internet, or maybe
Speaker 1 nothing. Whoa. We're floating in space. U Who made this place. It's awesome.
Speaker 0 Fortnite sometimes takes (Complete being too far. Player signature moves, known as emo emo, were sometimes duplicated without permission from popular videos, movies, and television and shows. But overall, it can't be denied that Fortnite is a unique, creative and and historic title within gaming history. And this phenomenon was created not just by a major video game developer, but by modern, by pop culture and by players. Fortnite roots even pre date Pub g and the Battle Royale genre.
Speaker 0 They extend back to games like minecraft and unreal and countless others to be movies like Death race 2000 and even to pro wrestling or are dozens of good guys would compete to throw each other out of the ring until 1 remains.
Speaker 1 Guys
Speaker 0 Technology has always fueled creativity, but now technology becoming more than just a tool. Technology is becoming our collaborator, our competitor and yes, our replacement. In our final episode, we'll see how artificial intelligence creates by remix us. In 20 15, artificial intelligence started making images based on nothing but text input. This was basically like reverse engineering photo captions.
Speaker 0 The results were very low quality, but that it worked at all was stunning. By 20 21, Ai image generation was doing things like this. It's better art, but still mediocre at best. What was historic was that the Ai combined ideas together in a variety of ways, the Ai seem to exhibit creativity. 20 22 was 1 of the most whiplash transitions of the modern technology era.
Speaker 0 There were now several image generators and they were making images like these. No human hand drew a stroke here. All of these were created with nothing but text prompts. Creating a sophisticated of frustration was suddenly as easy as typing a word or 2. Enter joy, and you get this, enter cat, and you get this, enter rad eyeballs balls and you get this.
Speaker 0 Then you can combine words together for infinite variation. Ai created art is no longer cute and clumsy. It still has weaknesses like human anatomy, especially hands, and it mostly lacks the expressive and the storytelling of real artists. But #ai, har creating art, and they are doing it with beauty, with stunning versatility and even with subtlety. Ai has had similar breakthroughs in text generation and coding, but it's its Ai art that has sparked the fiercest debate.
Speaker 0 And generated anger and fear in the art community.
Speaker 7 I can't imagine that there's any writer or artist on the planet right now that isn't really thinking about this #ai I'm wondering where they're gonna be in 5 years.
Speaker 0 This anxiety was triggered by a profound development in human history. Machines have breached a sacred realm, we thought was solely the domain of people. The first battleground of the age of Ai is art. Will Ai replace human artist, Is Ai image generation ethical? Will the future of creativity be ruled by Ais?
Speaker 0 In this final episode of everything is a remix, we venture into the newly emerging field of artificial creativity. Let's begin by addressing the most common emotional reaction to artificial intelligence. Fear. Storyteller tellers have long warned us about the s Edition) and danger of technology. The Greek Titan Prometheus stole fire from the Gods and was brutally punished by zeus.
Speaker 0 In Mary Shelley Frankenstein, which was sub, the modern prometheus. Doctor Frankenstein is obsessed with uncovering the secret to life. Frankenstein creates a man but is horrified by his creation who then seeks violent revenge. Stories like these are a warning about meddling with the sink sacred and un know. They're a warning about arrogance.
Speaker 1 Sacred I know what it feels like the being on.
Speaker 0 In recent decades, the subject to these tales has taken on a particular form. The computer. Hal 9000 a pre imagining of a computer assistant was 1 of the first popular fictional computers.
Speaker 8 I know that you and Frank, were planning to disconnect me, and I'm afraid that's something I cannot allow to happen.
Speaker 0 Hal ultimately decides to sacrifice face its crew for the sake of its mission. The terminator films feature a powerful Ai defense network, face
Speaker 1 They say it got smart. A new order of intelligence. #ai our fate in a micro second. Extermination.
Speaker 0 Our dream of technological progress has reached a nightmare conclusion.
Speaker 1 Everyone creates the thing they read.
Speaker 0 We are now imagining the day when we are sup planted by our creations.
Speaker 9 1 day the #ai are gonna look back on us. Same when we look at foster skeletons and the planes of africa. An upright ape, living in dust with crude, language tools, all set for extinction.
Speaker 0 The topic of human extinction by Ai is no longer limited to science fiction. It's widely discussed by leading intellectual.
Speaker 10 We are probably 1 of the last generations of homo sapiens in a century or to most, I guess that humans like you and me will disappear, and earth will be dominated by very different #ai of beings or entities.
Speaker 0 Many of the leaders of the field of artificial intelligence claim the time when our creations will match us is rapidly approaching. Some think human level intelligence known as artificial general intelligence or Ag will be reached within a couple decades.
Speaker 11 I think that it's coming relatively soon in the next... You know, I wouldn't be surprised the next decade or 2.
Speaker 0 After Ag gi comes an intelligence, explosion with Ai rapidly improving itself and spawning super intelligence. Humanity will then be the parent of Gods. The belief that Ai will soon serve pass us and take our place is widely held among many brilliant people. So why not believe them Because similarly brilliant people have been making similar predictions for as long as there has been artificial intelligence. And they have all been wrong.
Speaker 1 And
Speaker 0 Many people in Ai fall into the same old trap that true believers always fall into. They think the great whatever is almost here. I swear it's just about to happen. Let's take a brief tour of Ais, many failed prophecies. Many of the pioneers of artificial intelligence predicted that machines would attain human level intelligence by about the 19 eighties, and more recent predictions had been just as wrong.
Speaker 0 Shane Leg, founder of Google Deep #ai said in 2008, human level Ai will be passed in the mid 20 twenties. It's 20 23 now, and I think we can safely say, no. In 20 15, Facebook Ceo, Mark Zuckerberg said their goal by 20 25 was to get better than human level at all of the primary human senses, vision, hearing, language, general cognition. This is looking like no. No, no.
Speaker 0 And no. An engineer even claimed a Google chatbot was sentient in 20 22 in order to be capable. Of convincing arguing that you are sentient, #ai sentience. I have no idea why this is supposed makes sense. 1 of the most prolific and optimistic forecasters is Ray K #ai.
Speaker 0 He spent decades predicting the arrival of the singularity. Which entails Ag among other things. And is date for the arrival of Ag is right around the corner. I've set the date 20 29, a machine, an Ai will be able to match human intelligence and go beyond it. I'd like to get in on the predict.
Speaker 0 And fun 2. So I'll say Ag in 20 29 is exponentially wrong. Of course, there plenty of people in Ai who believe Ag is nowhere sight. Eric J Larson, author of the myth of artificial intelligence argues that current Ai technologies are not going to lead to Ag.
Speaker 12 Any foreseeable extension of the capabilities that we currently have do not result in general intelligence. Just plain blank. They just don't.
Speaker 0 Or And a esteem figure in the field of Ai. Flat states that we have no idea when Ag is coming.
Speaker 1 My answer to when is take your estimate. Double it. Triple it, quadruple it. That's when.
Speaker 0 Matter of fact, expert projections on the arrival of Ag range from now? To never. Translation, they don't know. And here's a very unpopular opinion, we should at least ponder. Maybe human level artificial intelligence.
Speaker 0 Is impossible. Maybe the universe can do things we can't. We don't know when or even if Ais will match human intelligence. It's unlikely they'll murder us anytime soon. But there is something they want to murder now, your job, and they don't need anywhere near human level intelligence to do it.
Speaker 0 This is why illustrator are so upset. They are the first to stuff what's called creative destruction. Old jobs are eliminated by new technologies and ideas, resulting in lost livelihoods and real pain.
Speaker 1 For And you look at that widget, and you see the future. I look at that thing and I see 10 guys on an unemployment.
Speaker 0 However, this also leads to increased productivity and fresh growth. Automation is now expanding beyond the domain of muscles and entering the domain of the mind. But actually, this isn't quite new either. Specialists have been getting replaced for decades without Ai. Let's go back to Hip hop.
Speaker 0 With the birth of Rap music, suddenly you didn't need to play an instrument, didn't need to know anything about music, didn't even need to sing. If you had a turn turntable, a drum machine and a microphone, you could make the most #ai music around. And this trend has only accelerated. Anybody with a laptop and some music software has tools that would have seemed like science fiction to early Dj like Grand master Flash. And this is more than just music.
Speaker 0 Anyone can now easily build a website or build an app or launch a shop or shoot gorgeous photos or shoot gorgeous videos. Art has been getting cheaper, faster and easier since the printing press, which creatively destroyed an entire class of monk who painstakingly hand copied books with quill and parchment? If machines can make images as well as we can then why shouldn't they? What's the ish you. The issue is how the machines learn to create images.
Speaker 0 So let's put image generation on trial and determine if it's guilty or not guilty of crimes against creativity. Here's the evidence. The simple version of what the Ais did is this of it studied countless images without permission, then it emulate them and created its own versions. So yes, this is like you, the entirety of this series demonstrates that this is how we all create. But it's more complicated than Let's zoom in.
Speaker 0 Image generation has 3 steps. I'll explain each and all of these need to be ethical. Step 1. Tons and tons of images were scraped from the Internet. These images are called a training set.
Speaker 0 It looks like a mountain of junk. If you found a folder of this stuff, on your hard drive, you would immediately throw it out. Anyway, step 1 is just obtaining zillion images from the Internet. Step 1 is ethical. Search engines do the same thing, and you can go download as many images as you want right now.
Speaker 0 Step 2, the Ai processes the images and creates a model. This is like their version of studying the images and learning from them. You know what? Step 2 is complicated, I'll come back to it. Step 3 is open and shut.
Speaker 0 The Ai processes requests from users which are written prompts and creates images. If someone just wrote a program that can draw, that would obviously be fine. Step 3 is ind ethical. It all comes down to... Step 2.
Speaker 0 This is the tricky bit. What the Ais did with copyrighted images is called diffusion. Noise was added to the images over many steps, until they're just noise. Then it runs this process in reverse with a goal of creating a new image with the same meaning. The cat should be a cat necessarily an identical cat, but a cat.
Speaker 0 I have no idea why this works either, but somehow it does. If diffusion is copying not then Ai image generation is copyright infringement. Is diffusion copying. On the 1 hand, it's kinda like copying because it reproduce watermark marks from stock photos. On the other hand, it's pretty bad at it, so it sorta of made something new.
Speaker 0 The clear conclusion is that it is unclear. That's why this topic is so controversial. It is truly ambiguous. This is like the dress controversy all over again except on fire. My guess is that this ambiguity will result in diffusion being considered fair use.
Speaker 0 It will be hard to definitively prove that it's copying because this stuff is complicated. This is going to multiple courts, we'll learn a lot and we will get an answer. Let just assume for now the diffusion is kinda like copying, but not totally (Complete. Then we can take a swing at the most important question of all. It's Is it ethically right or at least acceptable that these artists images were used without consent?
Speaker 13 It seems like it's a pretty general consensus. In our community that we do not want our work to be used to train Ai models.
Speaker 0 I am sympathetic. To how artists are feeling, but it does seem acceptable to me. For starters, most of the training images are pretty generic. And in this context they seem public domain. Sure.
Speaker 0 This might be your photo of a pretty girl or a dog or a Quesadilla, but it's very similar to thousands of others. Nobody owns the idea of these images, and that's really what's getting emulate. The biggest controversy is over a small minority of the images These are artwork by professional artists and sirius amateur. Let's get this clear upfront, no artist owns their artists entirely. If you don't believe me, here's the artist Scott Christian Sa saying the same thing.
Speaker 14 My art is a Mosaic, and ama inauguration of the art artist that inspired me on my journey to become the artist I am today.
Speaker 0 The collective achievements of art belong to everyone they are as free as the air. Too many artists are getting overly possessive about what they believe is theirs. This artist went viral claiming that their art was used to train an Ai model.
Speaker 5 Ai artist theft, it is... An awful awful way to just, like, steal from artist, it's evil. And if you use Ai art, you are dead to me.
Speaker 0 They base this on images like these, but the only similarities are the color palette and the basic composition. There are otherwise very different. Like for instance, this is trash, and this is good. Yes, there is some #ai going on in Ai image generation. There's some #ai going on everywhere.
Speaker 0 I'm doing pi right now and you're watching me. There are plenty of caveats. Training Ais on individual artists work does seem wrong. Everyone should be able to opt out of all training sets, and maybe Ais, should simply not train on images from active art communities. Also, some company should make an image generator trained on public domain and licensed images, which would avoid this hornet nest entirely.
Speaker 0 Somebody, please do this. But overall, I don't see any deep injustice here. In closing, Ai image generation seems not guilty. How disruptive Ai will actually be is not yet clear, but it will definitely have some sort of role and artists? Are going to have to adapt.
Speaker 0 And the rest of us should take note, if you think what's happening to a bunch of illustrator doesn't concern you think again the fear and anxiety, the our community feels is going to spread. Many of us will have to adapt. Any mind work, that can get automated, will get automated. Blue collar workers have been living this for decades. Now it's white collar workers turn.
Speaker 0 Of all humanity's technological advances, artificial intelligence is the most morally ambiguous from inception. It has the potential to create either a utopia or a d dystopian. Which reality will we get. Just like everybody else, I do not know what's coming. But it seems likely that in coming decades, these visions of our imminent demise will seem camp and #ai.
Speaker 0 Because our imagining of the future always become camp and #ai. Ais will not be dominating creativity because Ais do not innovate. They #ai what we already know. Ai is derivative by design and invent by chance. Computers can now create, but they are not creative.
Speaker 0 To be creative, you need to have some awareness. Some understanding of what you've done. #ai know nothing whatsoever about the images and words they generate. Most crucially, Ais have no comprehension of the essence of art, living, Ais don't know what it's like to be a child, to grow up, to fall in love, to fall in lust. To be angry to fight, to forgive, to be a parent to age to lose your parents, to get sick to face death.
Speaker 0 This is what human expression is about. Art and creativity are bound to living, to feeling. Art is the voice of a person. And whenever Ai art is anything more than as aesthetically pleasing, it's not because of what the Ai did. It's because of what a person did.
Speaker 0 Art is by humans, 4 humans. In some videos about Ai, the big reveal is that this video was actually made by Ai. But this video and this series is the opposite. Nothing has been Ai. Except where I cited Ai art, this is entirely human made.
Speaker 0 The words are all mine, but they're merged, from the thoughts of countless people. Everything you've seen and heard is from real filmmakers and musicians and game developers and other artists. All these thoughts and all this media were remix by me into something new. And yes, I did it all without permission. Everything is a remix is a testament to the brilliance and beauty of human creativity.
Speaker 0 In particular, it's a testament to collect creativity. Human genius is not individual. It is shared. You, my dear viewer are a human. The best technology there is with no successor #ai.
Speaker 0 The future is hours, and it will be 1 or lost by us brilliant, stupid, horrible, beautiful humans. But there is only 1 complete certainty about what's coming. Ai will not stop, and we need the help that artificial intelligence can potentially bring to the complex problems of the 20 first century. We are saying goodbye to the old world and entering a new 1, but we are not obligated to accept this new world as is for Our duty is to make it the best we can to make this revolution better than the last 1. We are launching into the unimaginable as we always are.
Speaker 0