Summary Ganoderma lucidum promotes sleep through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-involved pathway in mice www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Ganoderma lucidum promotes sleep through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-involved pathway in mice, with GLAA administration improving sleep quality by altering gut microbiota and increasing 5-HT content in the hypothalamus.
Key Points
- Ganoderma lucidum promotes sleep in mice through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-involved pathway
- GLAA administration significantly promotes the sleep quality of mice by increasing the 5-HT content in the hypothalamus
- The gut microbiota plays a role in promoting sleep and GLAA-induced sleep may be related to the gut barrier integrity.
Summaries
266 word summary
A study on mice found that Ganoderma lucidum promotes sleep through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-involved pathway. The GLAA assay was administered orally for four weeks, and the pentobarbital hypnosis test was performed to evaluate sleep. The study found that GLAA improved sleep, and the effect was dependent on gut microbiota and serotonin. The study identified various metabolites and gut bacteria that were correlated with sleep behavior. The gut microbiota plays a role in promoting sleep, and GLAA-induced sleep may be related to gut barrier integrity. The synergistic effect of GLAA and pentobarbital may be related to 5-HT-mediated calcium blockade. Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom used in traditional Chinese medicine to improve sleep. A study on mice found that the acidic part of the alcohol extract of Ganoderma lucidum (GLAA) promotes sleep through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-involved pathway by shortening sleep latency and prolonging sleeping time. GLAA administration significantly promoted the sleep quality of mice by increasing the 5-HT content in the hypothalamus without altering the organ/body weight ratio or inducing histological abnormalities. The study also explored the underlying mechanism by integrating microbiomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics and found that alterations in the gut microbiota might be associated with sleep through the gut-brain axis. Certain bacterial species and genera were negatively correlated with sleep latency, while GLAA administration enriched some bacterial families and depleted others. GLAA may act on serotonin as a target neurotransmitter to promote sleep health in mice. Bifidobacterium animalis at the genus level was positively correlated with sleeping time and 5-HT concentration, suggesting the involvement of gut microbiota in the sleep-promotion process.
600 word summary
Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom used in traditional Chinese medicine to improve sleep in patients with insomnia and mental disorders. A study on mice found that the acidic part of the alcohol extract of Ganoderma lucidum (GLAA) promotes sleep through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-involved pathway by shortening sleep latency and prolonging sleeping time. The study investigated the effect of GLAA on sleep in mice using a hypnotized mouse model induced by pentobarbital sodium. GLAA administration significantly promoted the sleep quality of mice by increasing the 5-HT content in the hypothalamus without altering the organ/body weight ratio or inducing histological abnormalities. The study also explored the underlying mechanism by integrating microbiomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics and found that alterations in the gut microbiota might be associated with sleep through the gut-brain axis. The study found that certain bacterial species and genera were negatively correlated with sleep latency, while GLAA administration enriched some bacterial families and depleted others. GLAA may act on serotonin as a target neurotransmitter to promote sleep health in mice. The study analyzed 13,023 metabolites in fecal samples and found that certain metabolites were positively correlated with sleep-promotion and 5-HT concentration in the hypothalamus while others were negatively correlated. After administering 100mg/kg of GLAA, certain metabolites were enriched or depleted in the gut. Bifidobacterium animalis at the genus level was positively correlated with sleeping time and 5-HT concentration, suggesting the involvement of gut microbiota in the sleep-promotion process. A study on mice found that Ganoderma lucidum promotes sleep through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-involved pathway. Depletion of the gut microbiota prevented the sleep-promoting effects of GLAA. GLAA regulated 10 pathways, including nitrogen metabolism, protein digestion and absorption, and immunity regulation. The study identified various metabolites and gut bacteria that were correlated with sleep behavior. The study suggests that the gut microbiota plays a role in promoting sleep and that GLAA-induced sleep may be related to the gut barrier integrity. Finally, the study suggests that the synergistic effect of GLAA and pentobarbital may be related to 5-HT-mediated calcium blockade. The study examined the effects of Ganoderma lucidum on sleep in male SPF mice through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-involved pathway. The GLAA assay was administered orally for four weeks, and the pentobarbital hypnosis test was performed to evaluate sleep. The study found that GLAA improved sleep, and the effect was dependent on gut microbiota and serotonin. The article discusses the statistical and analytical methods used in the study, including gut microbiota analysis using the QIAamp DNA Stool MiniKit and PCR primers, LCMS/MS for metabolic analysis, and statistical tests using SPSS 22.0 software. Comparative transcriptomic analysis was conducted using PCA, OPLS-DA, and VIP. The article discusses a study on mice that found Ganoderma lucidum promotes sleep through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-involved pathway. The study was conducted by Chinese researchers and supported by grants. The article includes references to studies on sleep, gut microbiota, and the effects of Ganoderma lucidum on sleep. The study found that Ganoderma lucidum reduced obesity in mice by modulating the gut microbiota. Other studies explored the effects of serotonin on sleep and the potential for other substances to enhance sleep. The excerpt includes various references to unrelated scientific studies and copyright and licensing information. A study on Ganoderma lucidum, a mushroom, found that it promotes sleep in mice through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-involved pathway. The study analyzed the correlation between gut metabolites, sleep behavior, and serotonin concentration in the hypothalamus. Various analytical tools were used to analyze the data. The study also found that GLAA's sleep promotion effects were dependent on the gut microbiota.
2096 word summary
The article discusses how Ganoderma lucidum (a type of mushroom) promotes sleep in mice through a pathway involving the gut microbiota and serotonin. The study involved administering GLAA (the acidic part of the alcohol extract of G. lucidum) to mice and analyzing gene transcription and KEGG pathways in the hypothalamus. The study also involved administering antibiotics to mice to partially deplete gut metabolites altered by GLAA and analyzing the effects on sleep behavior and 5-HT levels. The results showed that GLAA's sleep promotion effects were dependent on the gut microbiota. This article discusses a study on the effects of Ganoderma lucidum, a type of mushroom, on sleep in mice. The study found that the mushroom promoted sleep through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-involved pathway. The study analyzed the correlation between gut metabolites, sleep behavior, and serotonin concentration in the hypothalamus. The results showed that administration of Ganoderma lucidum led to alterations in gut metabolites that were correlated with sleep behavior in mice. The study used various analytical tools such as variable importance in projection (VIP), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and principal component analysis (PCA) to analyze the data. The study is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The study found that gavage administration of Ganoderma lucidum alcohol extract (GLAA) altered the gut microbiota in mice, which was correlated with sleep behavior. GLAA increased the concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the hypothalamus and promoted sleep by shortening sleep latency and prolonging sleeping time. GLAA also reduced the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) content and raised the peptidoglycan (PG) content in serum. The study used Spearman's rank correlation analysis, LEfSe analysis, and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plot to analyze the data. The study was conducted twice with 10 samples per group. The study concluded that GLAA promotes sleep through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-involved pathway in mice. The excerpted text does not pertain to the subject of the document and is primarily made up of copyright and licensing information, as well as references to other articles. It does not provide any information related to the study on Ganoderma lucidum's effects on sleep in mice. The excerpted text includes various references to scientific studies related to gut microbiota, the gut-brain axis, and the effects of different substances on the brain and sleep. These references are not directly related to the article on Ganoderma lucidum and its effects on sleep in mice. The article discusses the effects of Ganoderma lucidum on sleep in mice through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-involved pathway. The study found that Ganoderma lucidum reduced obesity in mice by modulating the composition of the gut microbiota. Other studies mentioned in the article explore the effects of serotonin on sleep and the potential for other substances, such as Lactobacillus fermentum and safranal, to enhance sleep. There is also mention of research on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Ganoderma lucidum, including its potential anti-aging properties. The excerpt includes a list of references to scientific studies on topics related to sleep, gut microbiota, and the effects of Ganoderma lucidum (a type of mushroom) on sleep. The studies cited cover a range of topics, including the relationship between sleep and hormones, the impact of sleep disruption on gut microbiota and insulin resistance, and the potential benefits of Ganoderma lucidum on sleep. The references are listed in order of decreasing relevance to the subject of the main article. The excerpt contains references and contributor information for an article about the effect of Ganoderma lucidum on sleep in mice. The article found that the fungus promotes sleep through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-involved pathway. The references cited in the excerpt discuss topics related to sleep, including the relationship between sleep and obesity, insomnia and cardiovascular disease, medicinal plants for insomnia, sleep environments, and sleep disorders in adolescents and young adults. The article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, and the contributors are listed with their affiliations. The document provides information on a study conducted on mice that suggests Ganoderma lucidum promotes sleep through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-involved pathway. The study was conducted by researchers from various Chinese institutions and was supported by several grants. The authors declare no competing interests, and all data generated or analyzed during the study are included in the published article and its additional information files. Supplementary figures and information are also available online. This excerpt discusses the statistical and analytical methods used in a study on Ganoderma lucidum and its effects on sleep in mice. The data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software and statistical tests were performed to test for differences between groups. Transcriptomes were merged and expression levels were estimated using StringTie and edgeR. Total RNA from the hypothalamus was extracted and sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq 4000. Comparative transcriptomic analysis was conducted using PCA, OPLS-DA, and VIP. Metabolic identification information was obtained through database integration and peak extraction, alignment, and retention time correction were performed using XCMS. The article discusses the results of a study on the effects of Ganoderma lucidum on sleep in mice through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-involved pathway. The study involved using LCMS/MS for metabolic analysis of frozen feces and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis on the Galaxy web platform. The Chao1 index, Shannon index, and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) were calculated by QIIME software to investigate the richness and diversity of each gut microbiome. Alpha diversity was determined using R packages rich and diversity. PCR was performed in a 25 L PCR system containing 50 ng of template DNA, 25 pmol of each primer and 12.5 L of Phusion Hot Start Flex 2X Master Mix with sequencing performed using the Illumina Novaseq platform. The study investigated the effect of Ganoderma lucidum on sleep in mice through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-involved pathway. Gut microbiota analysis was conducted using the QIAamp DNA Stool MiniKit and PCR primers targeting the V3V4 region of the 16S rDNA gene. Detection of neurotransmitters and bacterial components was done using ELISA kits. Antibiotics treatment was performed to induce depletion of the gut microbiota. The GLAA assay was administered orally for four weeks, and the pentobarbital hypnosis test was performed to evaluate sleep. The study found that GLAA improved sleep, and the effect was dependent on gut microbiota and serotonin. The study examined the effect of Ganoderma lucidum on sleep in male SPF mice. The mice were randomly divided into groups and allowed to acclimate to laboratory conditions for 7 days before pharmacological tests. The experiments were performed in accordance with ethical guidelines. The GLAA was prepared by extracting the fruiting body of G. lucidum and was found to significantly shorten sleep latency and prolong sleeping time in pentobarbital-treated mice. The effect was related to an increase in serotonergic synapse signalling in the hypothalamus and was dependent on the gut microbiota of mice. The study indicates that the gut microbiota and brain communicate with each other via various pathways, including microbial metabolites, and supports a role of the gut microbiota in behavioural responses associated with pain, emotion, autism, anxiety, depression, and sleep. This excerpt discusses the results of a study on the effects of Ganoderma lucidum on sleep in mice. The study found that the promotion of sleep was dependent on the gut microbiota and involved serotonin pathways. The study also identified various metabolites that were correlated with sleep behavior and indicators, including betaine, daidzein, and steviol. The abundance of certain gut bacteria, such as Odoribacter and Bifidobacterium, was also correlated with sleep phenotypes in mice. The study suggests that the gut microbiota plays a role in promoting sleep and that GLAA-induced sleep may be related to the gut barrier integrity and preventing translocation into the circulation. Finally, the study suggests that the synergistic effect of GLAA and pentobarbital may be related to 5-HT-mediated calcium blockade. The study explores the sleep-promoting effects of Ganoderma lucidum acidic polysaccharides (GLAA) in mice. GLAA was found to promote sleep through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-involved pathway. The main component of GLAA is triterpene acids, which have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. The ethanol extract of G. lucidum was proven to promote sleeping time by up to 124.37%. The sleep promotion effect of GLAA was better than that of the water extract of G. lucidum. The study provides insights into the potential use of GLAA as a natural sleep aid. The study found that Ganoderma lucidum promotes sleep through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-involved pathway in mice. The serotonergic synapse pathway was significantly increased after administering 100mg/kg GLAA, which was blocked by depletion of gut microbiota. GLAA regulated 10 pathways, including nitrogen metabolism, protein digestion and absorption, and immunity regulation. Administration of 100mg/kg GLAA upregulated the transcription of 413 genes and downregulated 223 genes in the hypothalamus compared to control mice. Among these genes, 20 genes with known structure and/or function were obtained after p value correction. The transcriptional profiles were clearly separated from each other, and GLAA regulates the serotonergic synapse pathway in the hypothalamus. This study found that Ganoderma lucidum (GLAA) promotes sleep in mice through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-involved pathway. Depletion of the gut microbiota prevented GLAA-induced changes in metabolites and microbial markers, and inhibited the sleep-promoting effect of GLAA. Antibiotic treatment depleted more than 85% of gut bacteria and inhibited the increase in 5-HT induced by GLAA. The sleep promotion effects of GLAA were dependent on the gut microbiota, and antibiotic treatment blocked GLAA-induced alterations in sleep behavior and increases in 5-HT. A study found that Ganoderma lucidum (GLAA) promotes sleep in mice through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-involved pathway. The study analyzed 13,023 metabolites in fecal samples and found that certain metabolites were positively correlated with sleep-promotion and 5-HT concentration in the hypothalamus while others were negatively correlated. After administering 100mg/kg of GLAA, certain metabolites were enriched or depleted in the gut. Bifidobacterium animalis at the genus level was positively correlated with sleeping time and 5-HT concentration, suggesting the involvement of gut microbiota in the sleep-promotion process. The study investigates how Ganoderma lucidum (GLAA) affects sleep in mice through changes in gut microbiota and serotonin levels. The study found that certain bacterial species and genera were negatively correlated with sleep latency, while GLAA administration enriched some bacterial families and depleted others. GLAA reduced LPS content and increased PG content in serum, both indicators of body inflammation. GLAA may act on serotonin as a target neurotransmitter to promote sleep health in mice. The study used next-generation sequencing to investigate the faecal microbiota composition and found that GLAA induced alterations in the gut microbiota that were correlated with sleep behaviour in mice. The study investigated the effect of Ganoderma lucidum acidic part of the alcohol extract (GLAA) on sleep in mice using a hypnotized mouse model induced by pentobarbital sodium. The study found that gavage administration of GLAA could significantly promote the sleep quality of mice by increasing the 5-HT content in the hypothalamus. The sleeping time of mice increased significantly from 1570.4 s to 2816.5 s, 3000 s and 3523.5 s with increasing doses of GLAA. GLAA did not alter the organ/body weight ratio of the spleen, liver, kidney or thymus, affect the weight of mice or induce histological abnormalities in the colons of mice. The study also explored the underlying mechanism by integrating microbiomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics and then verified using gnotobiotic mice. The study found that alterations in the gut microbiota might be associated with sleep through the gut-brain axis. The effect of other extract parts on sleep has not been explored to date. Ganoderma lucidum, a medicinal mushroom used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 2000 years, has been found to improve sleep in patients with insomnia and other mental disorders. Sleep problems are a major health concern affecting 15-35% of adults, and poor sleep is associated with various health issues including cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes. In a study on mice, it was found that the acidic part of the alcohol extract of Ganoderma lucidum (GLAA) promotes sleep by shortening sleep latency and prolonging sleeping time. GLAA promotes sleep through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-associated pathway in mice, with altered faecal metabolites and Bifidobacterium animalis transcripts in the sleep-regulating serotonergic synapse pathway in the hypothalamus during the process. The GLAA sleep promotion effect disappeared after gut microbiota depletion with antibiotics. The study sheds light on the mechanism of GLAA's tranquilizing effect, which has been recorded in ancient Chinese literature. The excerpt is not relevant to the subject of the document and does not provide any information on the study's findings.