Summary Innovation for Development Overview of OECD Work. www.oecd.org
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The OECD has multiple databases on innovation and development and conducts policy reviews, with a focus on inclusive innovation and the potential for information and communication technologies to promote economic growth and well-being in developing countries.
Key Points
- The OECD is a forum for member countries to address common problems and identify good practices.
- The Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry focuses on innovation for development.
- Developing countries require innovation capacity to address local challenges and achieve successful development.
- Innovation is important for developing and emerging countries to climb the value ladder in global value and compete with leading world innovators.
- The OECD has numerous databases related to innovation and development, covering various countries and economic activities.
Summaries
261 word summary
The OECD has various databases on innovation and development, including R&D expenditures, technology balance of payments, foreign affiliates' activities, inter-industrial flows of transactions, and broadband statistics. They conduct Reviews of Innovation Policy to help countries improve their innovation policy mix and stimulate dialogue among stakeholders. The organization aims to promote evidence-based policy in research management and institutions towards development. They emphasize the importance of fostering content development, expanding connectivity, and improving access to ICTs and mobile phones. The OECD is conducting a project on inclusive innovation to develop policies that maximize benefits from ICTs and identify opportunities for entrepreneurship across different income groups. The OECD's Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry focuses on innovation for development in developing countries to address local challenges and achieve successful development. The main topics of work include the contribution of innovation to economic growth and well-being, the impact of globalization on development and innovation, inclusive innovation, education, skills, and human capital, ICTs for development, and institutional frameworks for innovation policy. The potential for innovation and development through information and communication technologies (ICTs) is recognized, particularly in the context of global value chains and South-South cooperation. The OECD Innovation Strategy aims to apply the principles of human capital, R&D, and other intangibles to accommodate the different prevailing conditions of emerging and developing countries. Ongoing work on innovation for development focuses on six themes: the contribution of innovation to economic growth and well-being, the impact of globalization on development and innovation, inclusive innovation, education, skills and human capital, ICTs for development, and institutional frameworks for innovation policy.
377 word summary
The OECD's Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry focuses on innovation for development in developing countries to address local challenges and achieve successful development. The main topics of work include the contribution of innovation to economic growth and well-being, the impact of globalization on development and innovation, inclusive innovation, education, skills, and human capital, ICTs for development, and institutional frameworks for innovation policy. The OECD provides databases on innovation statistics that cover developing and emerging economies. Innovation is important for developing and emerging countries to climb the value ladder in global value and compete with leading world innovators. The OECD analyzes and improves science, technology, and innovation policies in emerging and developing countries. They produce in-depth studies of national innovation systems and have ongoing projects on research cooperation, integrating STI into development policies, and addressing policy-relevant aspects of institutional frameworks and business conditions. The potential for innovation and development through information and communication technologies (ICTs) is recognized, particularly in the context of global value chains and South-South cooperation. The OECD Innovation Strategy aims to apply the principles of human capital, R&D, and other intangibles to accommodate the different prevailing conditions of emerging and developing countries. Ongoing work on innovation for development focuses on six themes: the contribution of innovation to economic growth and well-being, the impact of globalization on development and innovation, inclusive innovation, education, skills and human capital, ICTs for development, and institutional frameworks for innovation policy. The OECD has various databases on innovation and development, including R&D expenditures, technology balance of payments, foreign affiliates' activities, inter-industrial flows of transactions, and broadband statistics. They also conduct Reviews of Innovation Policy to help countries improve their innovation policy mix and stimulate dialogue among stakeholders, as well as provide material for capacity building on measuring the Information Society. The organization aims to promote evidence-based policy in research management and institutions towards development. They emphasize the importance of fostering content development, expanding connectivity, and improving access to ICTs and mobile phones. The OECD is conducting a project on inclusive innovation to develop policies that maximize benefits from ICTs and identify opportunities for entrepreneurship across different income groups. They have also reviewed Mexico's telecommunications policy and regulation and put forward recommendations to promote competition and improve regulatory certainty and timeliness.
563 word summary
The OECD has databases on innovation and development, covering various countries and economic activities, including R&D expenditures, technology balance of payments, foreign affiliates' activities, inter-industrial flows of transactions, and broadband statistics. There are also databases for patent and trademark statistics, as well as information on employment and revenue in various ICT industries. The coverage includes OECD member countries and non-member economies. The organization conducts Reviews of Innovation Policy to help countries improve their innovation policy mix and stimulate dialogue among stakeholders. The OECD provides material for capacity building on measuring the Information Society, contributes to the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development, and offers databases on industrial R&D expenditure, enterprise research and development statistics, and technological innovation data. The Programme on Innovation, Higher Education and Research for Development aims to promote evidence-based policy in research management and institutions towards development. The OECD emphasizes the importance of fostering content development, expanding connectivity, and improving access to ICTs and mobile phones. The organization is conducting a project on inclusive innovation to develop policies that maximize benefits from ICTs and identify opportunities for entrepreneurship across different income groups. The OECD has reviewed Mexico's telecommunications policy and regulation and put forward recommendations to promote competition and improve regulatory certainty and timeliness. The OECD focuses on analyzing and improving science, technology, and innovation policies in emerging and developing countries. They produce in-depth studies of national innovation systems and have ongoing projects on research cooperation, integrating STI into development policies, and addressing policy-relevant aspects of institutional frameworks and business conditions. The impact of globalization on development and innovation is discussed, including the benefits of trade openness and foreign direct investment for developing and emerging economies. Inclusive development is a growing concern, and the OECD is focused on exploring the right balance between technology transfer and national innovation, national policies for accessing global knowledge networks, and the role of emerging and developing countries in global value chains. The potential for innovation and development through information and communication technologies (ICTs) is recognized, particularly in the context of global value chains and South-South cooperation. The OECD Innovation Strategy aims to apply the principles of human capital, R&D, and other intangibles to accommodate the different prevailing conditions of emerging and developing countries. Ongoing work on innovation for development focuses on six themes: the contribution of innovation to economic growth and well-being, the impact of globalization on development and innovation, inclusive innovation, education, skills and human capital, ICTs for development, and institutional frameworks for innovation policy. The OECD works to address common problems and identify good practices through international cooperation between public and private bodies. The Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry focuses on innovation for development, which is necessary for developing countries to address local challenges and achieve successful development. The main topics of work on innovation for development include the contribution of innovation to economic growth and well-being, the impact of globalization on development and innovation, inclusive innovation, education, skills, and human capital, ICTs for development, and institutional frameworks for innovation policy. The OECD provides databases on innovation statistics that cover developing and emerging economies. Innovation is important for developing and emerging countries to climb the value ladder in global value and compete with leading world innovators. There are various types of innovation, including incremental and radical innovation, social innovation, and inclusive innovation. Adoption of foreign technology is often associated with innovation.
830 word summary
The OECD is a forum where member countries work together to address common problems and identify good practices. The Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry focuses on innovation for development. Developing countries require innovation capacity to address local challenges and ultimately achieve successful development. International cooperation between public and private bodies is necessary to find solutions for urgent developmental challenges such as eradicating neglected diseases or providing access to drinking water. The main topics of work on innovation for development include the contribution of innovation to economic growth and well-being, the impact of globalization on development and innovation, inclusive innovation, education, skills, and human capital, ICTs for development, and institutional frameworks for innovation policy. The OECD provides databases on innovation statistics that cover developing and emerging economies. Innovation is important for developing and emerging countries to climb the value ladder in global value and compete with leading world innovators. There are various types of innovation, including incremental and radical innovation, social innovation, and inclusive innovation. Adoption of foreign technology is often associated with innovation. The OECD recognizes the potential for innovation and development through information and communication technologies (ICTs), particularly in the context of global value chains and South-South cooperation. Private sector involvement in innovation, such as the automotive industry in Malaysia and India's software industry, has demonstrated success. The OECD Innovation Strategy aims to apply the principles of human capital, R&D, and other intangibles to accommodate the different prevailing conditions of emerging and developing countries. Challenges include greater openness to trade and foreign direct investment (FDI), increasing service-based economies, and rethinking industry policy activities within value chains. Innovation can take place in different sectors and can address social challenges, such as poverty and health. Ongoing work on innovation for development focuses on six themes: the contribution of innovation to economic growth and well-being, the impact of globalization on development and innovation, inclusive innovation, education, skills and human capital, ICTs for development, and institutional frameworks for innovation policy. The OECD focuses on analyzing and improving science, technology, and innovation policies in emerging and developing countries through the Innovation Policy Platform (IPP) and Reviews of Innovation Policy. The organization also produces in-depth studies of national innovation systems and has ongoing projects on research cooperation, integrating STI into development policies, and addressing policy-relevant aspects of institutional frameworks and business conditions. The impact of globalization on development and innovation is discussed, including the benefits of trade openness and foreign direct investment for developing and emerging economies. Inclusive development is a growing concern, and the OECD is focused on exploring the right balance between technology transfer and national innovation, national policies for accessing global knowledge networks, and the role of emerging and developing countries in global value chains (GVCs). Inclusive innovation can reduce gaps in living standards between the richest and poorest groups in society, boost the welfare of the poorest, and create a market for private businesses. The OECD's Programme on Innovation, Higher Education and Research for Development aims to promote evidence-based policy in research management and institutions towards development. The organization highlights the importance of fostering content development, expanding connectivity, and improving access to ICTs and mobile phones. The OECD emphasizes the importance of an appropriate IPR system and taking into account the level of development of institutions in developing countries to encourage innovation. The organization is conducting a project on inclusive innovation to develop policies that maximize benefits from ICTs and identify opportunities for entrepreneurship across different income groups. The OECD has reviewed Mexico's telecommunications policy and regulation and put forward recommendations to promote competition and improve regulatory certainty and timeliness. The OECD conducts Reviews of Innovation Policy to help countries improve their innovation policy mix and stimulate dialogue among stakeholders. The reviews analyze themes such as governance of the innovation system, evaluation, internationalization of R&D, industry-science linkages, promotion of business R&D and innovation, human resources in science and technology, framework conditions for innovation and knowledge infrastructure, and international benchmarking of innovation performance. The OECD provides material for capacity building on measuring the Information Society and contributes to the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development. The Patent Statistics Manual focuses on factors to be taken into account for optimal use of patent data. The OECD patent database covers patent applications from 32 member countries and non-member economies and provides data on patent counts by country, cross-border ownership of patents, and indicators of international cooperation in patents. Additionally, the OECD offers databases on industrial R&D expenditure, enterprise research and development statistics, and technological innovation data. The OECD has numerous databases related to innovation and development, covering various countries and economic activities. These databases include information on R&D expenditures, technology balance of payments, foreign affiliates' activities, inter-industrial flows of transactions, and broadband statistics. Additionally, there are databases for patent and trademark statistics, as well as information on employment and revenue in various ICT industries. The coverage includes OECD member countries, as well as non-member economies such as Argentina, China, India, and South Africa.
2168 word summary
The OECD has several databases related to innovation and development, covering a wide range of countries and economic activities. The databases include information on R&D expenditures, technology balance of payments, activities of foreign affiliates, inter-industrial flows of transactions, and broadband statistics. There are also databases for patent and trademark statistics, as well as information on employment and revenue in various ICT industries. The coverage includes OECD member countries, as well as non-member economies such as Argentina, China, India, and South Africa. The OECD patent database covers patent applications from 32 member countries, including Mexico, as well as non-member economies such as China, Romania, and South Africa. It provides data on patent counts by country, cross-border ownership of patents, and indicators of international cooperation in patents. The database is available electronically from 1987 onwards and includes variables for 57 manufacturing and service sectors based on the ISIC Revision 3 classification. Additionally, the OECD offers databases on industrial R&D expenditure, enterprise research and development statistics, and technological innovation data. These databases cover resources on international trade in R&D-intensive industries, patents, research and experimental development, and more. The OECD provides material for capacity building on measuring the Information Society, including a common list of ICT indicators and metadata information for OECD countries. They also contribute to the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development. The Patent Statistics Manual focuses on factors to be taken into account for optimal use of patent data. The OECD is a member of the National Experts on Science and Technology Indicators (NESTI) group and has played a substantial role in setting international standards for innovation and R&D statistics. The 2012 edition of the STI Outlook discusses trends in innovation performance and policy developments for OECD and major emerging economies, including data from developing and emerging countries. The OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard and Outlook provide indicators on various aspects of innovation. Impacts of policy reviews differ across countries. The OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy aim to help countries improve their innovation policy mix and individual policy instruments, reform institutional arrangements and governance mechanisms for innovation, stimulate dialogue among main stakeholders, and raise awareness of innovation as an important driver of socio-economic development. The reviews are presented at high-level national events, and follow-up interactions include assessment of impacts and assistance in implementing recommendations. The review process includes a fact-finding mission, consultations with the reviewed country, reporting/peer review based on a draft report, and publication of the final review by the OECD. The reviews analyze themes reflecting the needs of the country under review, such as governance of the innovation system, evaluation, internationalization of R&D, industry-science linkages, promotion of business R&D and innovation, human resources in science and technology, framework conditions for innovation and knowledge infrastructure, and international benchmarking of innovation performance. The objective is to provide an overview of policy approaches to innovation for a variety of emerging economies including Colombia, Argentina, China, India, Egypt, and Vietnam and Southeast Asia. The OECD is currently developing a framework for analyzing IP systems in developing and emerging economies. The OECD emphasizes the importance of an appropriate IPR system and taking into account the level of development of institutions in developing countries to encourage innovation. Policies must be resilient to weak institutions and lack of information. The organization is conducting a project on inclusive innovation to develop policies that maximize benefits from ICTs and identify opportunities for entrepreneurship across different income groups. The project also includes a review of various key parts of the Internet economy and a specific module on ICTs for inclusive development. The OECD has reviewed Mexico's telecommunications policy and regulation, which currently falls short of best practices and imposes a burden on consumers and businesses due to lack of competition. The organization has put forward recommendations to promote competition and improve regulatory certainty and timeliness. The OECD's work on innovation for development highlights the importance of fostering content development, expanding connectivity, and improving access to ICTs and mobile phones. The inter-linkages between these elements are connected and feed into each other. To increase the benefit that society derives from ICTs, governments can increase public and private investment, improve regulation and competition policy, and facilitate the diffusion of ICTs in developing countries. ICTs are critical for many emerging and developing countries as they broaden their potential market, help entrepreneurs reach more customers, and allow for the transfer of scientific or business knowledge. The OECD aims to provide a global resource for public policy advice on enhancing innovation policies in the context of development. The Programme on Innovation, Higher Education and Research for Development aims to promote evidence-based policy in the area of research management and research institutions towards development. The programme addresses policy questions such as the correct balance between spending on basic and advanced education and what policies enable developing countries to promote and benefit from the international experience of high-level national scientists and innovators. Investment in human capital should go hand-in-hand with the creation of job opportunities. The OECD Project on Inclusive Innovation will produce new evidence on inclusive innovation and develop policy options. The project will bring together policy analysts to discuss policy implications as well as identify future cooperation on the project. The project will address specific measures needed to integrate more women and ethnic minorities in innovative activities, how to support firms building their internal absorptive and innovative capacity, and how to encourage innovation in the informal sector. Innovation for Development Overview of OECD Work focuses on inclusive innovation, which can reduce gaps in living standards between the richest and poorest groups in society. The lack of inclusiveness is a fundamental reason for the dispersion of productivity and income in developing and emerging economies. Differences among firms' innovation activities and use of new technologies translate into substantial productivity gaps, resulting in inequalities in wages. Inclusive innovation can boost the welfare of the poorest and create a market for private businesses. Frugal innovation or innovation for low and middle-income groups can help integrate previously marginalized groups into circuits of economic activities. Innovation and inclusion are related as inequalities tend to be greater in developing and emerging economies. Inclusive development is a growing concern, and the OECD is focused on global value chains (GVCs) and their impact on national economies, competitiveness, and innovation. Ongoing projects include exploring the right balance between technology transfer and national innovation, national policies for accessing global knowledge networks, and the role of emerging and developing countries in GVCs. Multinationals and large firms are often dominant actors in GVCs, but engaging small producers along the value chain is important for inclusive development. The issue of sectoral specialization is becoming less relevant as innovation becomes more important for competitiveness. The fragmentation of production processes and the rise of global value chains present new challenges for traditional trade and innovation policies. The increasing segmentation of production processes across countries creates new technological opportunities, which could increase exposure to foreign knowledge stocks and technologies. The impact of globalisation on development and innovation includes demonstrated benefits from trade openness and foreign direct investment for developing and emerging economies. Complementary policies are critical for generating the desired benefits, specifically for more inclusive development processes. There is an open debate on how specialisation patterns induced exclusively by market forces might affect the build-up of innovation capabilities, and whether industrial policies that seek to target specific sectors would enhance the development of domestic innovation. The OECD provides support for analyzing and improving science, technology, and innovation (STI) policy, with a focus on emerging and developing countries. The Innovation Policy Platform (IPP) is a web-based, open-data interactive platform jointly developed by the OECD and the World Bank to facilitate collective learning processes. The OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy examine key issues for individual countries, with a particular focus on providing concrete recommendations for improving public policies affecting innovation. The OECD also produces in-depth studies of national innovation systems, taking into account historical, political, and social contexts. The organization has ongoing projects focused on research cooperation between developed and developing countries, as well as integrating STI into development policies. The challenges for innovation to reduce the high incidence of infectious diseases and improve access to water and electricity are discussed. The OECD also addresses policy-relevant aspects of institutional frameworks and business conditions. Innovation is crucial for economic growth and should be a central priority in international development policy. The OECD/World Bank publication "Innovation and Growth: Chasing a Moving Frontier" emphasizes this point. Policy questions include the implications for government policy, obstacles to broader deployment of modern technology, financial arrangements to accommodate specific conditions, and the relationship between innovation and other development priorities. Innovation can take place in different sectors, including services, agriculture, and mining. However, an exclusive focus on high-technology industries can be costly if the potential for innovation in other sectors is ignored. Innovation can also address social challenges, such as poverty and health. Ongoing work on innovation for development focuses on six themes: the contribution of innovation to economic growth and well-being, the impact of globalization on development and innovation, inclusive innovation, education, skills and human capital, ICTs for development, and institutional frameworks for innovation policy. The OECD Innovation Strategy aims to assemble collective knowledge on development processes, policies, and successes and failures, and to adapt the broad experience of OECD member countries to make them coherent with each other. The strategy will regroup a diverse set of policies and projects that focus specifically on developing and emerging economies. The principles of human capital, R&D, and other intangibles need to be applied in ways which accommodate the different prevailing conditions of emerging and developing countries. The OECD has accumulated wide expertise on innovation in the context of high-income economies. Working with OECD member countries and through active dialogue with non-member countries, the OECD has formulated a set of policy priorities that also apply to emerging and developing countries. The challenges ahead include greater openness to trade and foreign direct investment (FDI), increasing service-based economies, and rethinking industry policy activities within value chains. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) present opportunities for innovation and development, particularly in the context of global value chains and South-South cooperation. As some emerging countries become more innovative, there are opportunities for them to engage in global innovation networks. Large firms and universities play a significant role in innovation, and public research institutions can support innovation through intermediaries. Diasporas can also contribute to innovation, and incremental and radical innovation capacity can differentiate contributions. The automotive industry in Malaysia and India's software industry are examples of successful private sector involvement in innovation. The success of mobile banking in developing countries demonstrates the potential impact of ICTs on technology uptake and innovation performance. The creation of the International Science, Technology, and Innovation Centre for South-South Cooperation is another opportunity for development. The division of labor in East Asia has increased as other countries take over lower value activities, and China's substantial R&D budget is noteworthy. Increased participation in global innovation networks is evident in China's increased share of scientific articles and co-authorship with leading OECD economies. Innovation is important for developing and emerging countries to climb the value ladder in global value and compete with leading world innovators. There are various types of innovation, including incremental and radical innovation, social innovation, and inclusive innovation. The main agents involved in innovation differ depending on the support mechanisms used and the category of country. High-technology R&D-based innovation matters at later stages of development, while social innovation can improve the effectiveness of business and public services. Innovation is both a factor of competitiveness and learning, allowing for completing the "catch-up" process. Adoption of foreign technology is often associated with innovation. Innovation plays a crucial role in economic development, with different types of innovation being important at various stages. Developing countries require innovation capacity to address local challenges and ultimately achieve successful development. International cooperation between public and private bodies is necessary to find solutions for urgent developmental challenges such as eradicating neglected diseases or providing access to drinking water. The OECD Directorate of Science, Technology, and Industry leads the organization's work on innovation for development, with ongoing activities in support of the OECD Strategy on Development. The main topics of work on innovation for development include the contribution of innovation to economic growth and well-being, the impact of globalization on development and innovation, inclusive innovation, education, skills, and human capital, ICTs for development, and institutional frameworks for innovation policy. The OECD provides databases on innovation statistics that cover developing and emerging economies. The OECD is a forum where member countries work together to address common problems and identify good practices. The organization provides a setting for governments to compare policy experiences and seek answers to economic, social, and environmental challenges. The OECD is at the forefront of efforts to understand and help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance and an ageing population. The Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry focuses on innovation for development.