Summary The deadly genius of drug cartels | Rodrigo Canales (Youtube) youtu.be
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Speaker 0 In December of 2010, the city of Patzingan in the coastal state of Michoacan in Mexico awoke to gunfire. For 2 straight days, the sette became an open battlefield between the federal forces and a well organized group, presumably from the local criminal organization, La Familia Michoacana or the Michoacan family. The citizens didn't only experience incessant gunfire, but also explosions. And burning trucks uses barricades across the city. So truly like a battlefield.
Speaker 0 After these 2 days and during a particularly intense encounter, it was presumed that the leader of La Familia Michakana, Nazario Moreno, was killed. In response to this terrifying violence, the mayor of Patin Gan decided to call the citizens to a march for peace. The idea was to ask for a softer approach to criminal activity in the state. And so the day of the scheduled procession, thousands of people showed up. As the mayor was preparing to deliver the speech starting the March, his team noticed that while half of the participants were appropriately dressed in white and bearing banners asking for peace, The other half was actually marching in support of the criminal organization and its now presumed defunct leader.
Speaker 0 Shocked, the mayor decided to step aside rather than participate or lead a procession that was ostensibly in support of organized crime. And so his team stepped aside. The 2 marches joined together, and they continued their path towards the state capital. This story of horrific violence followed by a fumbled approach by federal and local authorities as they try to engage civil society, who has been very well engaged by a criminal organization. Is a perfect metaphor for what's happening in Mexico today, where we see that our current understanding of drug violence and what leads to it is probably, at the very least, incomplete.
Speaker 0 If you decided to spend 30 minutes trying to figure out what's going on with drug violence in Mexico by, say, just researching online, the first thing that you would find out is that while the laws state that all Mexican citizens are equal, there are some that are more and there are some that are much less equal than others. Because you will quickly find out that in the past 6 years, anywhere between 60 a100000 people have lost their lives in drug related violence. To put these numbers in perspective, this is 8 times larger than the number of casualties in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars combined. It's also shockingly close to the number of people who have died in the Syrian civil war, which is an active civil war. This is happening just south of the border.
Speaker 0 Now, as you're reading, however, you will be maybe surprised that you quickly become numb to the numbers of death, because you will see that these are sort of abstract numbers of faceless, nameless dead people. Implicitly or explicitly, there is a narrative that all the people who are dying were somehow involved in the drug trade. And we infer this because they were either tortured or executed in a professional manner, or most likely both. And so, clearly, they were criminals because of the way they died. And so the narrative is that somehow these people got what they deserved.
Speaker 0 They were part of the bad guys. And that creates some form of comfort for a lot of people. However, while it's easier to think of us, the citizens, the police, the army, as the good guys, and them, the narcos, the carteles, as the bad guys. If you think about it, the latter are only providing a service to the former. Whether we like it or not, the US is the largest market for illegal substances in the world, accounting for more than half of global demand.
Speaker 0 It shares thousands of miles of border with Mexico Mexico, Porfirio Diaz, used to say, poor Mexico, so far from God, and so close to the United States. The UN estimates that there are 55,000,000 users of illegal drugs in the United States. Using very, very conservative assumptions, this yields a yearly drop market on the retail side of anywhere between 30 and a $150,000,000,000. If we assume that the narcos only have access to the wholesale part, which we know is false, that still leaves you with yearly revenues of anywhere between 15,000,000,000 and $60,000,000,000. To put these numbers in perspective, Microsoft has yearly revenues of $60,000,000,000.
Speaker 0 And it so happens that this is a product that because of its nature, a business model to address this market requires you to guarantee to your producers that their product will be reliably placed in the markets where it's consumed. And the only way to do this, because it's legal, is to have absolute control of the geographic corridors that are used to transport drugs, hence, the violence. If you look at a map of cartel influence and violence, you will see that it almost perfectly aligns with the most efficient routes of transportation from the South to the North. The only thing that the hotels are doing is they're trying to protect their business. It's not only a multibillion dollar market, but it's also a complex 1.
Speaker 0 Right? For example, the coca plant is is a fragile plant that can only grow in certain latitudes. Right? And so this means that a business model to address this market requires you to have decentralized international production that, by the way, needs to have good quality control because people need a good high that is not gonna kill them and that is gonna be delivered to them when they need it. And so that means that you need to secure production and quality control in the south, and you need to ensure that you have efficient and effective distribution channels in the markets where these drugs are consumed.
Speaker 0 I urge you, but only a little bit because I don't want to get you in trouble, to just ask around and see how difficult it would be to get whatever drug you want, wherever you want it, whenever you want it, anywhere in the US. And some of you may be surprised to know that there are many dealers that offer a service, where if you send them a text message, they guarantee delivery of the drug in 30 minutes or less. Think about this for a second. Think about the complexity of the distribution network that I just described. It's very difficult to reconcile this with the image of faceless, ignorant goons that are just shooting each other.
Speaker 0 Very difficult to reconcile. Now, Now, as a business professor, and as any business professor would tell you, an effective organization requires an integrated strategy that includes a good organizational structure, good incentives, a solid identity, and good brand management. This leads me to the second thing that you would learn in your 30 minute exploration of drug violence in Mexico. Because you would quickly realize, and maybe be confused by the fact, that there are 3 organizations that are constantly sort of named in the articles. You will hear about Losetas, the Knights Templar, which is the new brand for the Familia Michachana that I spoke about at the beginning, and the Sinaloa Federation.
Speaker 0 You will read that is this assortment of sociopaths that terrify the cities that they enter, and they silence the press. And this is somewhat true or mostly true, but this is the result of a very careful branding and business strategy. You see, Los Etas, it's not just this random assortment of individuals, but was actually created by another criminal organization, the Gulf Cartel. They used to control the Eastern corridor of Mexico. When that corridor became contested, they decided that they wanted to recruit a professional enforcement arm.
Speaker 0 So they recruited Losetas, a entire unit of elite paratroopers from the Mexican army. They were incredibly effective as enforces for the Gulf Cartel. So much so that at some point, they decided to just take over the operations, which is why I ask you to never keep tigers as pets because they grow up. Because the SETA's organization was founded in treason, they lost some of the linkages to the production and distribution in the most profitable markets like cocaine. But what they did have, and this is again based on their military origin, was a perfectly structured chain of command with a very clear hierarchy and a very clear promotion path that allowed them to supervise and operate across many, many markets very effectively, which is the essence of what a chain of command seeks to do.
Speaker 0 Right? And so because they didn't have access to the more profitable drug markets, this pushed them and gave them the opportunity to diversify into other forms of crime. That includes kidnapping, prostitution, local drug dealing, and human trafficking, including of migrants that go from the South to the US. So what they currently run is truly and quite literally a franchise business. They focus most of the recruiting on the army, and they very openly advertise for better salaries, better benefits, better promotion paths, not to mention much better food that, well, the army can deliver.
Speaker 0 The way they operate is that when they arrive in a locality, they let people know that they're there, and they go to the most powerful local gang, and they say, I offer you to be the local representative of the Zetta brand. If they agree, and you don't want to know what happens if they don't, they train them and they supervise them on how to run the most efficient criminal operation for that town in exchange for royalties. This kind of business model, obviously, depends entirely on having a very effective brand of fear. And so Lacet does carefully stage acts of violence that are spectacular in nature, especially when they arrive first at a city. But again, that's just a brand strategy.
Speaker 0 I'm not saying they're not violent, but what I am saying is that even though you will read that they're the most violent of all, when you count, you you do the body count, they're actually all the same. In contrast to them, the Knights Templar that arose in Michoacan emerged in reaction to the incursion of the into the state of Michoacan. Michoacan is a geographically strategic state because it has 1 of the largest ports in Mexico, and it has very direct routes to the center of Mexico, which then gives you direct access to the US. The Knights Templar realized very quickly that they couldn't face the on violence alone, and so they developed strategy as a social enterprise. They brand themselves as representative of and protecting of the citizens of Michoacan against organized crime.
Speaker 0 Their brand of social enterprise means that they require a lot of civic engagement, So they invest heavily in providing local services, like dealing with home violence, going after petty criminals, treating addicts, and keeping drugs out of the local markets where they are, and, of course, protecting people from from other criminal organizations. Now, they kill a lot of people too, but when they kill them, they provide very careful narratives and descriptions for why they did them through newspaper insertions, YouTube videos, and billboards that explain that the people who are killed were killed because they represented a threat, not to us as an organization, of course, but to you as citizens. And so we're actually here to protect you. They, as social enterprises do, have created a moral and ethical code that they advertise around, and they have very strict recruiting practices. And here you have the types of explanations that they provide for some of their actions.
Speaker 0 They have actually retained access to the profitable drug trade, but the way they do it is because they control all of Michoacan and they control the port of Las Cerro Cardenas, they leverage that to, for example, trade copper from Michoacan that is legally created and legally extracted with illegal effetadrine from China, which is a critical precursor for methamphetamine that they produce, and then they have partnerships with large organizations like the Sinaloa Federation that place their product in the US. Finally, the Sinaloa Federation. When you read about them, you'll often read about them with an undertone of reverence and admiration because they are the most integrated and the largest of all Mexican organizations, and many people argue the world. They started as just sort of a transport organization that specializes in smuggling between the US and the, Mexican borders. But now they have grown into a truly integrated multinational that has partnerships in production in the south and partnerships in global distribution across the planet.
Speaker 0 They have cultivated a brand of professionalism, business acumen, and innovation. They have designed new drug products and new drug processes. They have designed narco tunnels that go across the border, and you can see that these are not the the Shoshang reduction types. They have invented Narco submarines and boats that are not detected by radar. They have invented drones to transport drugs, catapults, you name it.
Speaker 0 1 of the leaders of the SINOLA Federation actually made it to the Forbes list. Like any multinational would, they have specialized and focused only in the most profitable part of the business, which is high margin drugs, like cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine. Like any traditional Latin American multinational would, the way they control their operations is through family ties. When they're entering a new market, they send a family member to supervise it. Or if they're partnering with a new organization, they create a family tie either through marriages or other types, of ties.
Speaker 0 Like any other multinational would, they protect their brand by outsourcing the more questionable parts of the business model. Like, for example, when they have to engage in violence against other criminal organizations, they recruit gangs and other smaller players to do the dirty work for them, and they try to separate their operations and their violence, and and be very discreet about this. To further strengthen their brand, they actually have professional PR firms that shape how the press talks about them. They have professional videographers on staff. They have incredibly productive ties with the security organizations on both sides of the border.
Speaker 0 And so differences aside, what these 3 organizations share is, on the 1 hand, a very clear understanding that institutions cannot be imposed from the top, but rather, they are built from the bottom up, 1 interaction at a time. They have created extremely coherent structures that they use to show the inconsistencies in government policies. And so what I want you to remember from this talk are 3 things. The first 1 is that drug violence is actually the result of a huge market demand, and an institutional sub that forces the servicing of this market to necessitate violence to guarantee delivery routes. The second thing I want you to remember is that these are sophisticated, coherent organizations that are business organizations, and analyzing them and treating them as such is probably a much more useful approach.
Speaker 0 The third thing I want you to remember is that even though we're more comfortable with this idea of them, a set of bad guys separated from us, we are actually accomplices to them, either through our direct consumption or through our acceptance of the inconsistency between our policies of prohibition and our actual behavior of tolerance or even encouragement of consumption. These organizations service, recruit from, and operate within our communities. So, necessarily, they're much more integrated within them than we are comfortable acknowledging. And so to me, the question is not whether these dynamics will continue the way they have. We see that the nature of this phenomenon guarantees that they will.
Speaker 0 The question is whether we are willing to continue our support of a failed strategy based on our stubborn, blissful, voluntary ignorance at the cost of the deaths of 1,000 of our young. Thank you.