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Abstract Mathematics Without Choice Division by Three (arxiv.org)
The article examines "mathematics without choice" and its impact on division by three, including alternative interpretations of multiplication.
22,888 chars / 4,556 words / 487 lines
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Abstract Mathematics Without Choice Division by Three
Source: arxiv.org - PDF - 4,556 words - view
Conway and Doyle Can Divide by Three, But I Can't
• Mathematics without choice and its impact on division by three
• Replicating Conway and Doyle's achievement
• Getting tangled up in shoes and socks and forgetting how to multiply
Introduction
• Conway and Doyle's proof of division by three in cardinal arithmetic
• The millionaire's example with shoes and socks
• The need for explicit choices in mathematics without choice
Shoe Division by Three
• Principle: If I x I = I x I, then II = II
• Conway and Doyle's proof of shoe division by three
• History of the proof and its simplifications
Sock Division by Three
• Principle: If I x I = I x I and each set Xa in the collection (Xa)a?A has size n, then II = II
• Questioning the definition of "division by three" without choice
• Relationship between shoe division and sock division
Failing to Divide by Three
• Sock division by 3 is not provable without the axiom of choice
• Sock division by n is not provable for any n > 1
• Implications of the failure to divide by three
You Can Divide by Three
• Definition of shoe division by three
• Conway and Doyle's proof of shoe division by three without choice
• Alternative interpretations of multiplication
Sock Division and Divisibility
• Definition of sock division by three
• Strong divisibility by three implies weak divisibility by three
• Relationship between sock division and divisibility
Multiplication vs. Division
• Different interpretations of multiplication: area of a rectangle vs. repeated addition
• Multiplication as repeated addition may not be well-defined without choice
• Connection between sock division and multiplication
Sock Geometry
• Understanding sock bundles as collections of disjoint sets
• Trivializing sock bundles with a linear ordering
• Relationship between sock division and sock geometry
Sock Division and Divisibility Revisited
• Strong divisibility by three implies weak divisibility by three
• Weak divisibility by three does not imply strong divisibility by three
• The relationship between sock division and divisibility
The Power of Sock Division
• Sock division by three is not provable without choice
• Relationship between sock division and multiplication/divisibility
• Further research on the topic of sock division without choice
Usbek & Rica - Kim Stanley Robinson : « Chaque milliardaire est un échec... (usbeketrica.com)
Kim Stanley Robinson, a well-known science fiction writer, offers solutions to the climate crisis, criticizes the lack of action from billionaires, and calls for political action and progressive taxation.
20,614 chars / 3,198 words / 409 lines
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Kim Stanley Robinson: Solutions for the Climate Crisis
Source: usbeketrica.com - html - 3,198 words - view
The Ministry of the Future
• The Ministry of the Future is a fictional institution responsible for addressing the climate crisis.
• It explores the consequences of global warming and proposes solutions.
• Inspired by a conference in Barcelona and the concept of wet bulb temperature.
Importance of Technology in Addressing Climate Change
• Technology, including engineering and artificial intelligence, plays a crucial role.
• Solutions such as decarbonization and geoengineering are explored.
• Technology can help reduce carbon emissions and mitigate the effects of climate change.
The Challenge of Billionaires and Wealth Inequality
• Billionaires are a problem in addressing the climate crisis.
• Progressive taxation is necessary for a fair distribution of resources.
• Wealthy individuals often prioritize their interests over the environment.
Implementing a Carboncoin
• A carboncoin could be used to tax carbon emissions and reward carbon sequestration.
• It is being considered by organizations like the Network for Greening the Financial System.
• The carboncoin symbolizes the need to decarbonize finance and promote climate justice.
Collective Regulations for Climate Action
• Nations need to speak with one voice to address global climate concerns.
• An international organization representing the rights of humanity and future generations could enforce regulations.
• Examples include the European Union's collective rules and principles like the polluter-pays principle.
Optimism and Action
• It is too late for pessimism, and optimism is essential for progress.
• Left-leaning individuals are naturally optimistic and can convince more people to take action.
• Optimism can inspire collective efforts to tackle the climate crisis.
Key Takeaways
• Technology, including engineering and AI, is crucial in addressing climate change.
• Wealth inequality and billionaire influence hinder progress.
• Implementing collective regulations and a carboncoin can drive climate action.
• Optimism is necessary to motivate individuals and nations to take action.
Reminder of Main Message: Together, we can overcome the climate crisis and create a sustainable future.
CDC - Mining - The Miner Health Program, 2020-2030 Strategic Agenda - NIOSH (www.cdc.gov)
The Miner Health Program focuses on researching and addressing mining-related health issues, emphasizing collaboration and sustainability.
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Miner Health Program: Improving the Well-being of Miners
Source: www.cdc.gov - html - 6,072 words - view
Introduction
• The Miner Health Program (MHP) aims to improve the health and well-being of miners through research, evaluation, and community engagement.
• The program focuses on addressing the burden of chronic diseases among miners and understanding their unique health challenges.
• Guided by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, the MHP aims to eliminate mining fatalities, injuries, and illnesses.
Three Core Functions of MHP
• Research: Understanding the health experiences of miners, investigating factors influencing well-being, and addressing emerging health hazards.
• Community Engagement: Collaborating with mining stakeholders to address issues affecting miner well-being.
• Evaluation: Conducting process and outcome evaluations to ensure program effectiveness and quality improvement.
Research Objectives
• Investigating factors that influence worker well-being.
• Studying conditions that affect readiness-for-work.
• Addressing new and emerging health hazards.
Community Engagement Objectives
• Building trust with mining stakeholders.
• Enlisting new resources and partners.
• Improving communication for idea exchange and best practices.
Evaluation Objectives
• Building evaluation capacity within the program.
• Engaging stakeholders in the evaluation process.
• Documenting outcomes associated with the program.
Unique Health Challenges of Miners
• Miners face a higher burden of chronic diseases compared to the general working population.
• Understanding the prevalence and impacts of these diseases is crucial for effective intervention strategies.
• Exploring how organizational and physical work environments can reduce health hazards and improve overall well-being.
Sustainability of the MHP
• Long-term commitment and engagement with mining and research communities are essential for program success.
• Fostering leadership within the program to engage multiple leaders from different groups.
• Utilizing community assets, capacities, and resources to ensure long-term sustainability.
Importance of Collaboration
• Collaboration with stakeholders is key to developing a shared vision and roadmap for addressing miner health issues.
• Partnerships and data collection will shape the program's evolution over time.
• Embracing the World Health Organization's definition of health as complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
Maximizing Impact on Miner Health
• The MHP aims to maximize its impact by implementing a comprehensive approach.
• Research, community engagement, and evaluation work together to drive positive change.
• By addressing chronic diseases and unique health challenges, the program strives for sustained health and well-being for all miners.
Summary and Call to Action
• The Miner Health Program is a long-term initiative focused on improving miner health through research, community engagement, and evaluation.
• By eliminating mining fatalities, injuries, and illnesses, the program aims to improve overall well-being.
• Join us in our mission to protect miners, minimize harmful exposures, and prevent disease for sustained health and well-being.
Scroll & Learn: Nannie Helen Burroughs, the Bible and the Concept of Div... (padlet.com)
Nannie Helen Burroughs, a prominent advocate for education and activism, established the Women's Auxiliary and National Training School.
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Nannie Helen Burroughs: Educator, Activist, and Believer in Divine Justice
Source: padlet.com - html - 475 words - view
Introduction
• Nannie Helen Burroughs was an influential educator, religious leader, and social activist
• She played a significant role in founding the Women's Auxiliary of the National Baptist Convention (NBC)
• Burroughs established the National Training School for Women and Girls, one of the first schools for black women and girls
• Her beliefs regarding slavery and divine justice shaped her activism and advocacy efforts
[Visual: Image of Nannie Helen Burroughs]
The Women's Auxiliary of NBC
• Burroughs helped found the Women's Auxiliary, a prominent organization within the National Baptist Convention
• The Women's Auxiliary played a crucial role in empowering women and addressing social issues within the African American community
• Through this organization, Burroughs advocated for education, social justice, and economic empowerment for black women
The National Training School for Women and Girls
• Burroughs established the National Training School, providing education and vocational training for black women and girls
• This school aimed to empower African American women by equipping them with skills and knowledge for success
• The National Training School became a symbol of hope and progress for black women during a time of racial inequality
Burroughs' Views on Slavery and Divine Justice
• Burroughs believed that slavery was part of God's overall plan
• She saw slavery as a trial that African-descended people survived in order to serve God's greater redemptive plan for America
• While not endorsing or excusing slavery, Burroughs believed that it brought African-descended people into a relationship with the God of the Bible
Burroughs' Quote on Overcoming Adversity
• "To struggle, battle, overcome, and absolutely defeat every force designed against us is the only way to achieve." - Nannie Helen Burroughs, 1933
• This quote reflects Burroughs' belief in the importance of resilience and perseverance in the face of adversity
• She encouraged individuals to overcome challenges and work towards achieving their goals
Conclusion
• Nannie Helen Burroughs was a trailblazer who made significant contributions as an educator, activist, and believer in divine justice
• Her work with the Women's Auxiliary and the National Training School for Women and Girls empowered black women and girls
• Burroughs' views on slavery and divine justice shaped her advocacy efforts and continue to inspire generations
Embracing Education, Activism, and Divine Justice
• Nannie Helen Burroughs left a lasting legacy through her dedication to education, activism, and her belief in divine justice
• Her work reminds us of the importance of empowering marginalized communities and fighting for equality
• Let us continue to be inspired by her example and work towards a more just and equitable society.
Scroll & Learn: The Bible and Nat Turner's Rebellion (padlet.com)
Nat Turner, a Virginia slave, used the Bible as a tool to oppose slavery and successfully led a rebellion in 1831.
3,796 chars / 597 words / 75 lines
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The Bible and Nat Turner's Rebellion
Source: padlet.com - html - 597 words - view
Introduction
• Nat Turner: A Virginia slave who used the Bible to oppose slavery and lead a rebellion in 1831.
Nat Turner's Background
• Born on the Virginia plantation of Benjamin Turner.
• Instructed in reading, writing, and religion.
• Became a fiery preacher and leader of enslaved Africans.
Chosen by God
• Nat Turner claimed he was chosen by God to lead enslaved people from bondage.
• Used the Bible as a tool to support his cause.
• Believed in signs and divine voices.
The Rebellion
• Inspired by an eclipse of the sun in 1831.
• Enlisted the help of four other enslaved men.
• Murdered his owner's family and enlisted about 75 others in a disorganized insurrection.
Nat Turner's Bible
• Nat Turner was holding his Bible when captured.
• Given to a white family related to those killed in the rebellion.
• Now on display at the museum of African American History in Washington, DC.
The Role of the Bible
• The Bible played a significant role in inspiring and confirming Turner's belief in his righteous cause.
• Embodied the religious vision that gave him courage and determination.
Trial and Execution
• Nat Turner was tried and sentenced to execution in 1831.
• Hanged on November 11.
Conclusion
• Nat Turner used the Bible as a tool to oppose slavery and lead a rebellion.
• His story highlights the power of religious beliefs in inspiring social change.
• The Bible played a crucial role in Turner's fight for freedom.
[Consider adding visuals such as images of Nat Turner, his Bible, or the museum display]
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961 (legal.un.org)
The 1961 Vienna Convention sets the legal guidelines for diplomatic relations, including definitions and addressing multiple aspects.
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Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961: The Legal Framework for Diplomatic Relations
Source: legal.un.org - PDF - 5,335 words - view
Introduction
• The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations establishes the legal framework for diplomatic relations between states.
• It promotes friendly relations among nations.
• Defines key terms such as "head of the mission," "members of the mission," and "diplomatic agent."
Functions of a Diplomatic Mission
• Represents the sending state.
• Protects the interests and nationals of the sending state.
• Negotiates with the receiving state.
• Promotes friendly relations.
Purpose of Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities
• Intended to ensure efficient performance of diplomatic missions.
• Not meant to benefit individuals.
• Customary international law governs matters not explicitly addressed in the convention.
Establishment of Diplomatic Relations and Permanent Missions
• Requires mutual consent between states.
• Sending state must obtain agreement from the receiving state for the appointment of a head of mission.
• Receiving state not obliged to provide reasons for refusal.
Accreditation to Multiple States
• Sending state may accredit a head of mission or member of the diplomatic staff to multiple states, unless any of the receiving states objects.
• Charge d'affaires ad interim may be established in states where the head of mission does not have a permanent seat.
• Head of mission or member of the diplomatic staff may act as a representative to an international organization.
Multiple States Accrediting Same Person
• Multiple states can accredit the same person as head of mission to another state, unless the receiving state objects.
• Sending state has freedom to appoint members of the staff of the mission.
• Receiving state may require advance approval for military, naval, or air attaches.
Privileges and Immunities of Diplomatic Agents
• Inviolability and immunity from jurisdiction.
• Exemption from taxes and dues.
• Freedom of movement and travel within the receiving state.
• Inviolability and protection of mission premises.
Exemptions and Obligations
• Exemption from social security provisions in the receiving state (voluntary participation permitted).
• Exemption from national, regional, and municipal taxes (except certain specific taxes).
• Exemption from personal services, public service, and military obligations.
Responsibilities of the Receiving State
• Facilitate acquisition of premises for the mission or assist in obtaining suitable accommodation.
• Protect premises from intrusion or damage.
• Ensure inviolability of archives and documents.
• Accord full facilities for the mission to perform its functions.
Rights of Diplomatic Agents
• Use of the flag and emblem of the sending state.
• Right to communicate freely for official purposes.
• Employment of diplomatic couriers and messages in code or cipher.
• Inviolability of official correspondence and immunity of diplomatic bag.
Broken Diplomatic Relations or Recall of Mission
• Receiving state must respect and protect the premises of the mission.
• Sending state may entrust custody of premises to a third state.
• Sending state may entrust protection of its interests to a third state.
Non-Discrimination and Customary Agreements
• Receiving state must not discriminate between states.
• Exceptions include restrictive application of provisions to receiving state's mission in sending state or more favorable treatment by custom or agreement.
Importance of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations
• Establishes legal framework for diplomatic relations.
• Defines key terms and functions of a diplomatic mission.
• Ensures efficient performance through privileges and immunities.
• Mutual consent required for establishment of diplomatic relations and permanent missions.
Attention with Linear Biases for Extrapolation (arxiv.org)
ALiBi enhances transformer models' extrapolation capability by incorporating distance-based attention scores, surpassing alternative position techniques.
74,988 chars / 12,363 words / 2,329 lines
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Enhancing Transformer Models' Extrapolation Capability with ALiBi
Source: arxiv.org - PDF - 12,363 words - view
Introduction to ALiBi
• ALiBi enables transformer models to extrapolate to longer sequences
• Biasing query-key attention scores with penalty proportional to distance
• Eliminates the need for positional embeddings
ALiBi vs. Other Position Methods
• ALiBi outperforms sinusoidal embeddings, rotary embeddings, and T5 bias method
• Better extrapolation ability and efficiency
• Achieves same perplexity as sinusoidal model trained on longer sequences
Performance of ALiBi Models
• ALiBi models consistently outperform baseline, even on shorter sequences
• Can extrapolate to longer sequences with better perplexity scores
• Training faster and using less memory
Simple and Efficient Method
• ALiBi is easy to implement by modifying existing transformer code
• Does not require additional runtime or parameters
• Promising approach for improving performance and efficiency
Comparison of Position Methods (Table 2)
• Sinusoidal, rotary, T5 bias, and ALiBi models trained on L = 512
• Evaluated on WikiText-103 with varying values of L valid
• ALiBi achieves best scores, inference speeds range from 15.3 GB to 19.3 GB
Comparison of Position Methods (Table 3)
• Sinusoidal, rotary, T5 bias, and ALiBi models trained on L = 1024
• Evaluated on WikiText-103 with different values of L valid
• ALiBi achieves best scores, inference speeds range from 18.4 GB to 20.9 GB
Comparison of Position Methods (Table 4)
• Sinusoidal, rotary, T5 bias, and ALiBi models trained on L = 3072
• Evaluated on WikiText-103 with varying values of L valid
• ALiBi achieves best scores, inference speeds range from 18.1 GB to 19.5 GB
Consistent Performance of Sinusoidal and ALiBi Models
• Sinusoidal and ALiBi models perform consistently well across different token lengths
• Rotary and T5 bias models have slightly lower scores
• ALiBi model generally has highest inference speed
Implications for Extrapolation Tasks
• Sinusoidal and ALiBi methods may be more effective in handling longer sequences
• Rotary and T5 bias methods may have limitations in perplexity and runtime
• Further research needed to optimize model performance
ALiBi's Effectiveness in Language Modeling
• ALiBi surpasses sinusoidal baseline in terms of perplexity
• Can extrapolate to longer sequences during inference
• Handles longer contexts and reduces early token curse
Validation on Different Datasets
• ALiBi's success not specific to WikiText-103 corpus
• Outperforms sinusoidal baseline on Toronto BooksCorpus even with shorter sequences
Competitive Performance and Memory Usage
• ALiBi models achieve competitive perplexity scores with less memory
• Outperform sinusoidal, rotary, and T5 bias models on WikiText-103 test set
Performance on CC100+RoBERTa Corpus
• ALiBi models achieve strong perplexity scores with less memory compared to sinusoidal baseline
Why ALiBi Works Effectively
• Ability to handle longer sequences reduces early token curse
• Sliding window evaluation reduces the early token curse
• Future work could exploit longer histories for further gains
The Power of ALiBi in Transformer Models
• ALiBi enhances extrapolation capability and efficiency
• Enables transformer models to handle longer sequences effectively
• Promising method for language modeling tasks
Note: The presentation can be enhanced with visuals such as graphs, images, or charts to illustrate the comparison of position methods and the performance of ALiBi models.
Fully Homomorphic Encryption for Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning (arxiv.org)
FheFL utilizes fully homomorphic encryption to secure model updates and safeguard private information in federated learning, surpassing other aggregation methods in terms of resilience against data poisoning.
67,376 chars / 12,099 words / 1,672 lines
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Fully Homomorphic Encryption for Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning
Source: arxiv.org - PDF - 12,099 words - view
Introduction
• The FheFL algorithm addresses privacy and poisoning attacks in federated learning (FL)
• FheFL utilizes fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) to protect model updates and prevent private information inference
• Non-poisoning rate-based aggregation scheme effectively addresses data poisoning attacks
FHE for Privacy in FL
• FHE ensures privacy by encrypting model updates using the CKKS FHE scheme
• Computation on encrypted data allows for secure aggregation
• Server calculates Euclidean distance in the encrypted domain to determine non-poisoning rate
Multi-Key HE Scheme for Secure Aggregation
• Multi-key HE scheme used for aggregating encrypted model updates from all users
• Aggregated model decrypted using shared secret keys
• Non-poisoning rate-based aggregation scheme minimizes influence of malicious users
Security of Multi-Key HE Scheme
• Security of multi-key HE scheme equivalent to FHE schemes
• Privacy protection if at least two non-colluding users exist
Convergence Analysis
• Non-poisoning rate-based weighted aggregation converges to benign users' only model
• Training loss decreases with each epoch when percentage of attackers is small
Experimental Analysis
• FheFL outperforms other aggregation schemes in accuracy and robustness against data poisoning attacks
• Computational complexity comparable to other state-of-the-art schemes
• Reasonable bandwidth requirement for communication between users and server
Conclusion
• FheFL ensures privacy and security in federated learning
• Non-poisoning rate-based aggregation scheme mitigates data poisoning attacks
• Comparable accuracy with reasonable computational and communication complexity
Key Takeaways
• FheFL algorithm addresses privacy and poisoning attacks in FL using FHE
• Multi-key HE scheme ensures secure aggregation of model updates
• Non-poisoning rate-based aggregation scheme minimizes influence of malicious users
• FheFL offers comparable accuracy with reasonable computational and communication complexity
• Overall, FheFL sets the stage for advancements in privacy-preserving federated learning.
ChipNeMo Domain-Adapted LLMs for Chip Design (arxiv.org)
ChipNeMo utilizes domain-adapted LLMs in chip design to enhance performance and enable the use of compact models, along with providing recommendations for training approaches and methods.
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ChipNeMo Domain-Adapted LLMs for Chip Design
Source: arxiv.org - PDF - 12,368 words - view
Introduction
• ChipNeMo explores domain adaptation techniques for chip design tasks
• Customized LLMs enhance performance and enable the use of compact models
• Recommendations for training approaches and methods
[Visual: Image of a computer chip]
Domain Adaptation Techniques
• Custom tokenizers improve tokenization efficiency
• Domain-adaptive pretraining on a large corpus of chip design data
• Supervised fine-tuning with domain-specific instructions
[Visual: Graph showing performance improvement with domain adaptation]
Engineering Assistant Chatbot
• Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) for more accurate answers
• Domain-adapted retrieval model improves answer quality
• Assists design engineers with architecture, design, verification, and build questions
EDA Script Generation
• ChipNeMo models outperform base models for script generation
• Training using tool-specific and custom internal script libraries
• Generates scripts for design editing and analysis tasks
Bug Summarization and Analysis
• ChipNeMo models perform well in summarizing and analyzing bugs
• Training using bug data and human-curated context
• Domain-adapted models achieve higher scores than base models
Agent-Based Design Methodologies
• LLMs as reasoning engines for verification and optimization in chip design
• Potential for automating various language-related chip design tasks
• Use of domain-adapted LLMs to choose a sequence of actions
Importance of Domain Data
• Availability of domain data crucial for domain adaptation
• Larger corporations with internal documents and code have an advantage
• Two approaches for training domain-specific LLMs: from scratch or domain-adaptive pretraining
Performance Gap and Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG)
• RAG improves LLM performance in knowledge-intensive tasks
• Sparse retrieval methods and off-the-shelf general-purpose retrievers
• Bridging the performance gap between LLMs and human experts
Evaluation and Model Performance
• Domain-adapted LLMs achieve similar or better results compared to base models
• Importance of domain-specific fine-tuning and hyperparameter selection
• Examples of questions and answers for different chip design tasks
Future Improvements and Conclusion
• Larger base models and reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF)
• Potential for agent-based design methodologies in chip design
• Acknowledgment of contributions and support from individuals and teams
Enhancing Chip Design with Domain-Adapted LLMs
• Domain adaptation techniques improve LLM performance in chip design tasks
• Customized models enable the use of compact models without sacrificing performance
• Further research and development will bridge the gap between current results and ideal outcomes
Design Guidelines for Domain Specific Languages (arxiv.org)
Designing a DSL is complex and existing tools lack guidance, but guidelines such as identifying uses, simplicity, modularity, and project-specific requirements can help navigate the process.
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Designing Domain Specific Languages: A Guide to Success
Source: arxiv.org - PDF - 7,037 words - view
Introduction
• Designing a new domain specific language (DSL) can be complex and time-consuming.
• Existing tool support for DSL design focuses on technical aspects but lacks support for enforcing principles for good language design.
• Guidelines for designing DSLs should be based on experience in developing languages and existing guidelines for general purpose and modeling languages.
Identify the Purpose of the Language
• Identify the uses of the language early on, such as documentation, code generation, testing, verification, analysis, or simulation.
• Determining the uses helps determine the concepts and features that the language should include.
Visual: Image illustrating different uses of DSLs
Reflect Only Necessary Domain Concepts
• Reflect only the necessary domain concepts in the language.
• Keep the language simple and avoid unnecessary generality.
• Limit the number of language elements and avoid redundancy.
Visual: Graph showing the relationship between simplicity and effectiveness in DSL design
Adopt Existing Notations Used by Domain Experts
• Adopt existing notations used by domain experts whenever possible.
• Descriptive notations and distinguishable representations of language elements contribute to understandability.
• Appropriate use of syntactic sugar can improve readability, but avoid overuse.
Visual: Examples of existing notations used in different domains
Align Concrete and Abstract Syntax
• The concrete syntax of the language should align closely with the abstract syntax.
• This alignment eases automated processing and presentation.
• A good layout of the model should not affect its meaning.
Visual: Diagram showing the alignment between concrete and abstract syntax
Consider Project-Specific Requirements and Constraints
• Consider project-specific requirements and constraints when designing DSLs.
• Size of language instances, intended usage, and costs may influence design decisions.
• The decision to reuse existing languages or implement a new one is important.
Visual: Comparison table highlighting the factors to consider in DSL design
Conclusion
• These guidelines provide a basis for designing DSLs, but they are not exhaustive.
• Guidelines may need to be extended or updated over time.
• Consider the specific requirements and constraints of each project when applying these guidelines.
Visual: Image representing the iterative nature of DSL design
Key Takeaways
• Designing a DSL requires considering the purpose, simplicity, and necessary domain concepts.
• Adopt existing notations and align concrete and abstract syntax for improved understandability.
• Project-specific requirements and constraints play a crucial role in DSL design.
• Reusing existing languages or implementing new ones should be carefully evaluated.
• Remember to apply these guidelines while considering the unique aspects of each project.
Serving Thousands of Concurrent LoRA Adapters (arxiv.org)
S-LoRA is a high-performing system that efficiently serves LoRA adapters, minimizing fragmentation and surpassing other libraries in throughput.
70,534 chars / 11,501 words / 1,720 lines
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Serving Thousands of Concurrent LoRA Adapters
Source: arxiv.org - PDF - 11,501 words - view
S-LoRA: Empowering Scalable Serving
• S-LoRA efficiently serves LoRA adapters
• Minimizes fragmentation and surpasses other libraries in throughput
• Stores all adapters in main memory and fetches active adapters to GPU memory
[Visual: Diagram showing the flow of adapters from main memory to GPU memory]
Unified Paging for Efficient Memory Management
• Unified Paging reduces fragmentation
• Handles dynamic adapter weights and KV cache tensors effectively
• Allows for larger batch sizes and improved memory utilization
[Visual: Comparison graph showing reduced fragmentation with Unified Paging]
Tensor Parallelism and Optimized CUDA Kernels
• S-LoRA employs tensor parallelism strategy
• Optimized CUDA kernels support batched LoRA computations
• Enables efficient batched inference for LoRA
[Visual: Illustration showing tensor parallelism strategy]
Outperforming State-of-the-Art Libraries
• S-LoRA outperforms HuggingFace PEFT and vLLM in throughput
• Improves throughput by up to 4 times
• Increases the number of served adapters significantly
[Visual: Bar chart comparing throughput of S-LoRA with other libraries]
Consistently Demonstrating Superior Performance
• S-LoRA's performance evaluated on synthetic and real production workloads
• Consistently demonstrates superior performance compared to other systems
• High throughput and SLO attainment in serving real-world workloads
[Visual: Line graph showing S-LoRA's performance compared to other systems]
Scalability with Tensor Parallelism Strategy
• S-LoRA's tensor parallelism strategy supports multi-GPU inference
• Minimal communication and memory overheads
• Increased serving throughput with additional GPUs
[Visual: Diagram showing scalability with increasing number of GPUs]
On-the-Fly Computation for High Performance
• Ablation study comparing S-LoRA's on-the-fly computation with merging approach
• On-the-fly computation maintains high performance with multiple adapters
• Merging approach declines in performance with more than 2 adapters
[Visual: Comparison table showing performance of different approaches]
Early Abort Strategy for Efficient Serving
• Ablation study comparing S-LoRA's early abort strategy with FCFS and LCFS
• Early abort strategy outperforms FCFS and LCFS, especially with higher cv
• Ensures efficient serving even under varying conditions
[Visual: Comparison graph showing performance of different strategies]
Advancements in LLM Serving
• Related work highlights the significance of transformer architecture
• Systems like PetS, Clipper, TensorFlow Serving, and Nexus have made advancements
• S-LoRA addresses the auto-regressive characteristics and parameter-efficient adapters in LLM serving
[Visual: Collage of logos representing related work systems]
Conclusion - Highly Efficient Serving with S-LoRA
• S-LoRA is a highly efficient system for serving thousands of LoRA adapters
• Innovative design strategies enable large-scale fine-tuning services
• Scalable, high throughput, and suitable for diverse requirements
[Visual: Image representing efficiency and scalability]
S-LoRA: Empowering Scalable Serving
• S-LoRA efficiently serves LoRA adapters with high throughput
• Minimizes fragmentation and utilizes innovative design strategies
• A groundbreaking system for deploying large language models tailored to diverse requirements
Inside Job: How a Hacker Helped Cocaine Traffickers Infiltrate Europe’s ... (www.occrp.org)
Dutch hacker assists cocaine traffickers in breaching European ports while authorities enhance security measures.
24,456 chars / 4,018 words / 195 lines
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Inside Job: How a Hacker Helped Cocaine Traffickers Infiltrate Europe's Biggest Ports
Source: www.occrp.org - html - 4,018 words - view
Introduction
• Europes commercial ports are top entry points for cocaine flooding in at record rates.
• A Dutch hacker was hired by drug traffickers to penetrate port IT networks.
• The increasing digitalization and automation of shipping logistics has made smuggling easier.
Hacker's Access to Port Systems
• The hacker accessed container management systems at the ports of Rotterdam and Antwerp.
• He recommended which shipping containers would be the best targets for hiding contraband.
• He helped smugglers pick up their goods on the receiving end.
Collaboration with Bribed Port Employee
• One of the hacks was facilitated by a bribed port employee in Antwerp.
• The employee inserted a USB with malware into a port computer.
• This allowed the hacker to gain access to key data about shipping containers.
Impact of Digitalization on Smuggling
• The increasing digitalization and automation of shipping logistics has opened up new avenues for infiltration.
• With the information that hackers can provide, traffickers need little more than a single corrupt employee and a truck driver.
• Criminal groups can now move their goods more freely without corrupting a long chain of port personnel.
PIN Code Fraud
• PIN code fraud, where traffickers illegally access PIN codes of containers, has become a common method for drug smuggling.
• This method enables them to pick up the cargo by impersonating the transport company assigned to retrieve it.
• PIN codes come at a high price, with criminals paying between 20,000 and 300,000 euros for such codes.
Record Cocaine Busts
• Rotterdam and Antwerp ports have seen a record amount of cocaine seized.
• In 2022 alone, nearly 160 metric tons of cocaine were seized at these ports.
• This represents less than a third of the total amount entering the ports.
Hacker's Services and Hacking Methods
• The hacker charged hundreds of thousands of euros for his services.
• His hacking methods were relatively basic.
• Experts noted that his actions would have generated alerts if the port systems were set up to detect them.
Efforts to Tighten Security
• Port authorities and shipping companies are experimenting with ways to tighten security.
• They are offering training to staff and limiting access to data that can be exploited by traffickers.
• The goal is to make smuggling more controllable, although winning the war against traffickers may be challenging.
Closing Thoughts
• Europes commercial ports have become sieves for cocaine pouring into Europe at record rates.
• The collaboration between a hacker and drug traffickers highlights vulnerabilities at these ports.
• Authorities are working to enhance security measures and combat drug smuggling.
Main Message Recap
• Economic growth is critical.
• The increasing digitalization of shipping logistics has made smuggling easier.
• Efforts to tighten security are underway to combat drug trafficking.
[Visuals can include images of ports, containers, hackers, and graphs showing the increase in cocaine seizures]
Note: The content above is a brief outline of the presentation and does not include the visuals or design elements.
Anderson v. Treasury Board (Canada Border Services Agency) - Federal Pub... (decisions.fpslreb-crtespf.gc.ca)
The Federal Public Sector Labour Relations and Employment Board upheld the entitlement of three border services officers to receive pay increments on their anniversary dates, rejecting the employer's argument and outdated policy.
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Anderson v. Treasury Board (Canada Border Services Agency) - Federal Public Sector Labour Relations and Employment Board
Source: decisions.fpslreb-crtespf.gc.ca - html - 11,654 words - view
Introduction
• The Federal Public Sector Labour Relations and Employment Board reviewed a case involving three border services officers.
• The grievors challenged the employer's failure to pay their first pay increments on the applicable dates.
• The Board allowed the new arguments raised by the grievors since they did not change the nature of the grievances.
Entitlement to Pay Increments
• The collective agreement provision entitled employees to pay increments on the anniversary dates of their appointments.
• The employer argued that the grievors were only entitled to a pay increment after 12 months of actually performing their duties.
• The Board dismissed the employer's objection and concluded that the grievors were entitled to pay increments on their anniversary dates.
Rejection of Employer's Arguments
• The employer argued that the Pay Increments Policy and the Directive supported their position.
• The Board rejected these arguments and found that the collective agreement provision was clear.
• The employer contended that the Pay Increments Policy filled a gap in the collective agreement, but the Board disagreed.
Plain Meaning of the Collective Agreement
• The grievors maintained that they were entitled to pay increments based on the anniversary dates of their appointments, as stated in the Pay Notes.
• The grievors argued that the employer's interpretation would violate the collective agreement.
• The Board agreed with the grievors and found that the pay increment period was defined by reference to the anniversary date.
Conclusion
• The grievances were allowed, and the employer's objection was dismissed.
• The grievors were entitled to pay increments on their anniversary dates based on the plain meaning of the collective agreement.
• The employer's reliance on the Pay Increments Policy and the Directive was rejected.
Key Takeaways
• The grievors challenged the employer's failure to pay their first pay increments on the applicable dates.
• The Board upheld the entitlement of the grievors to receive pay increments on their anniversary dates.
• The employer's arguments based on the Pay Increments Policy and the Directive were rejected.
• The collective agreement provision entitled employees to pay increments on the anniversary dates of their appointments.
Parental Stressors in Sports Influenced by Attributes of Parents and The... (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
Parental stress in sports is affected by factors such as education level, child's stage of participation, and sports injuries, and interventions should focus on addressing stressors and promoting effective parenting practices for young athletes.
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Parental Stressors in Sports: Understanding the Impact and Promoting Effective Parenting
Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov - html - 9,109 words - view
Introduction
• Parental stress in sports is influenced by various factors
• Understanding these stressors is crucial for effective parenting
• Promoting positive parental involvement benefits young athletes
Factors Affecting Parental Stress
• Parents' educational level predicts overall stress
• Child's stage of sports participation impacts stress levels
• Sports injuries increase parental stress
• Parents of children at the sampling stage report lower stress levels
Increasing Expectations and Demands
• As children progress in sports, stress levels rise
• Higher expectations and demands on child and parent
• Challenges of competitive sports contribute to stress
Specific Stressors for Parents
• Balancing child's sports-education balance
• Concerns about deselection
• Worries about exclusive dominance of sports in child's future career
Managing Parental Stress
• Interventions should focus on stress management
• Addressing specific stressors parents face
• Supporting parents as child progresses in sports development
Positive Parental Involvement
• Emotional support, encouragement, and involvement benefit children
• Excessive parental pressure has negative effects
• Promoting positive involvement enhances youth sports experiences
Impact on Mental Health
• Parental stress in youth sports linked to anxiety and depression
• Need for support and resources for parents
• Coping strategies to manage demands and pressures
Strategies to Support Parents
• Education and resources on effective parenting practices
• Open communication between parents, coaches, and athletes
• Creating a supportive and inclusive sports environment
Conclusion
• Understanding parental stressors is crucial in youth sports
• Positive parental involvement leads to positive outcomes for children
• Support and resources are essential to help parents cope
Promoting Effective Parenting in Youth Sports
• Address parental stress and specific stressors
• Encourage positive parental involvement
• Support parents through education and resources
Pensionable and insurable earnings - Canada.ca (www.canada.ca)
This document provides information on pensionable and insurable earnings in Canada, including deductions, retirement income, and excluded earnings, and recommends contacting the CRA for further details.
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Pensionable and Insurable Earnings in Canada
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Introduction
• Pensionable and insurable earnings are important concepts in Canada's pension and employment insurance systems.
• Employers have responsibilities to deduct CPP contributions and EI premiums from employees' earnings.
• Contributions are remitted to the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA).
Pensionable Employment
• Pensionable employment refers to any employment with a pension plan or fund.
• Employees in pensionable employment make contributions to the CPP.
• Contributions are based on the employee's salary and wages.
Insurable Employment
• Insurable employment refers to employment where employees pay EI premiums.
• Insurable earnings are the total amount of earnings from all insurable employment.
• Contributions to EI are based on the employee's salary and wages.
Determining Pensionable and Insurable Earnings
• Actual nature of payments determines if they are considered pensionable and insurable earnings.
• Terms used to describe a payment may not correspond to its actual nature.
• It is important to establish the actual nature of payments.
Pensionable Earnings
• Employee contributions to CPP are deducted from salary and wages.
• Pensionable earnings include income from pensionable employment and certain adjustments.
• Contributions are made by both employees and employers.
Contributory Salary and Wages
• Contributory salary and wages include gross taxable income, stock options, and deductions allocated to members of the clergy.
• It is calculated based on the Income Tax Act formula.
• Certain exclusions apply based on age and retirement pension eligibility.
Public Service Superannuation Act
• Public servants contribute to the superannuation account or the Public Service Pension Fund.
• Wage and salary amounts for contributors under this act are pensionable for CPP purposes.
• Non-taxable income can be included in contributory salary and wages.
Employment of Registered Indians
• An election can be made to include employment of registered Indians in pensionable employment.
• Income from such employment can be included in contributory salary and wages.
• Election must be filed using Form CPT124.
Insurable Earnings
• EI premiums are deducted from salary paid by employers.
• Insurable earnings are subject to a yearly maximum and a premium rate set annually.
• Employers also pay their share of the premium.
Non-Cash Benefits and Cash Benefits
• Non-cash benefits are generally not considered insurable earnings.
• Cash benefits, including reimbursements and payments to third parties, are considered insurable earnings.
• Exceptions apply for board and lodging enjoyed by a worker.
Unpaid Portion of Earnings
• Provisions allow the unpaid portion of earnings to be included in insurable earnings under certain conditions.
• Requesting a ruling from the CRA can clarify uncertainties about employment status.
• Rulings have implications for CPP and EI contributions.
Understanding Pensionable and Insurable Earnings
• Pensionable and insurable earnings are key concepts in Canada's pension and employment insurance systems.
• Employers have responsibilities to deduct contributions and premiums.
• Contributions are based on salary and wages, subject to adjustments and exclusions.
• Clarifying employment status through CRA rulings can provide certainty.
[Visuals: Graphs showing contribution rates and maximum contributory earnings; Images representing pensionable and insurable employment]
11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and T... (openstax.org)
This text explains how skeletal muscles connect to bones through tendons, how their origin and insertion points determine their mobility, how agonist and antagonist muscles have opposing actions, how muscles are organized into fascicles, and how the skeleton acts as a lever for muscles to provide effort through contraction.
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Interactions of Skeletal Muscles and Their Fascicle Arrangement
Source: openstax.org - html - 3,870 words - view
Skeletal Muscles and Tendon Attachments
• Skeletal muscles connect to bones via tendons
• Moveable end of the muscle is called insertion
• End attached to a fixed bone is called origin
Agonist and Antagonist Muscles
• Principal muscle involved in an action is the agonist or prime mover
• Muscle with the opposite action is the antagonist
• Agonist muscles contract to produce movement, while antagonist muscles maintain body position and control rapid movement
Fascicle Organization
• Muscles are organized into fascicles, bundled groups of muscle fibers
• Fascicles can be arranged in different patterns: parallel, circular, convergent, and pennate
• Parallel muscles have fascicles running in the same direction as the long axis of the muscle
Circular Muscles
• Circular muscles, also known as sphincters, have concentrically arranged bundles of muscle fibers
• Circular muscles can open or close an opening
Convergent Muscles
• Convergent muscles have a widespread expansion that converges on a common attachment point
• Provide strength and versatility in movement
Pennate Muscles
• Pennate muscles have fascicles that blend into a tendon running through the central region of the muscle
• Unipennate muscles have fascicles on one side of the tendon
• Bipennate muscles have fascicles on both sides of the tendon
• Multipennate muscles have fascicles that wrap around the tendon
The Skeleton as a Lever System
• The skeleton acts as a lever for muscles to provide effort through contraction
• Bones act as stiff levers, with articular endings acting as fulcrums
Effort and Load
• The load being lifted or any resistance to movement is the load
• The effort comes from contracting skeletal muscle
Understanding Skeletal Muscle Interactions
• Skeletal muscles work in pairs, with agonist and antagonist muscles having opposing actions
• Fascicle arrangement determines the strength and versatility of muscle movement
• The skeleton acts as a lever system, allowing muscles to provide effort through contraction
nytimes.com (www.nytimes.com)
The website for the New York Times.
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The Power of nytimes.com
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Introduction
• nytimes.com is the website for the renowned New York Times.
• It serves as a reliable source of news and information.
• The website offers a wide range of topics, catering to diverse interests.
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Trusted Journalism
• The New York Times is known for its high-quality journalism.
• nytimes.com provides in-depth reporting and analysis.
• The website covers local, national, and international news.
Include a graph showing the global reach of nytimes.com
Varied Content
• nytimes.com offers a vast array of content beyond news.
• Explore sections on business, technology, arts, and more.
• Opinion pieces provide diverse perspectives on current issues.
Include an image showcasing the different sections of the website
Interactive Features
• Engage with interactive features on nytimes.com.
• Take part in quizzes, polls, and reader discussions.
• Multimedia elements enhance the storytelling experience.
Include a screenshot of an interactive feature on the website
Personalization Options
• Customize your nytimes.com experience.
• Set preferences for topics and notifications.
• Create a personalized reading list for easy access.
Include a screenshot of the personalization options on the website
Subscription Benefits
• Subscribing to nytimes.com unlocks exclusive benefits.
• Access premium articles and investigative reports.
• Enjoy ad-free browsing for a seamless experience.
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Mobile App
• Stay informed on the go with the nytimes.com mobile app.
• Get breaking news alerts and personalized recommendations.
• Save articles for offline reading and share with ease.
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Community Engagement
• Join a vibrant community of readers on nytimes.com.
• Comment on articles and engage in respectful discussions.
• Connect with like-minded individuals through reader forums.
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Supporting Independent Journalism
• Subscribing to nytimes.com supports independent journalism.
• Ensure the continuation of quality reporting and investigations.
• Contribute to the free press and democracy.
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Embrace the Power of nytimes.com
• Access reliable news and information at your fingertips.
• Stay informed, engaged, and connected with the world.
• Subscribe to support independent journalism and make a difference.
Graphing Quadratic Equations(HD) (Youtube) (www.youtube.com)
Understanding the y-intercept, x-intercept, vertex, and axis of symmetry is crucial for graphing a quadratic equation.
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Mastering Graphing Quadratic Equations
Source: www.youtube.com - video - 807 words - view
Understanding the Basics
• Graphing quadratic equations involves finding the y-intercept and x-intercept.
• The x-intercept can be determined using different methods, such as factoring, quadratic formula, square roots, or completing the square.
• The y-intercept is found by letting x equals 0.
Impact of the Leading Coefficient
• The leading coefficient (a) determines whether the parabola opens upward or downward.
• A positive value of a indicates an upward opening parabola.
• A negative value of a indicates a downward opening parabola.
• Visual: Include a graph showing examples of upward and downward opening parabolas.
Finding the Vertex and Axis of Symmetry
• The vertex is a crucial point on the parabola that helps determine its shape.
• The vertex can be found using the formula x = -b/2a.
• The axis of symmetry is an equation (x = -b/2a) that represents a vertical line passing through the vertex.
• Visual: Include an illustration showing the vertex and axis of symmetry.
Importance of Practicing Different Methods
• Different methods, such as factoring, quadratic formula, square roots, or completing the square, can be used to find the x-intercept.
• Practicing these methods helps determine which one is most efficient for each problem.
• Teachers can provide guidance on choosing the appropriate method for different circumstances.
Creating a Table of Values
• If unsure about the shape of the parabola, creating a table of values can be helpful.
• Carefully evaluate the order of operations to ensure accurate points for graphing.
• Visual: Include an example table of values with corresponding points on a graph.
Additional Resources at Brightstorm.com
• Brightstorm.com offers high-quality videos on various subjects, including graphing quadratic equations.
• Access additional resources and videos to enhance your understanding.
• Visual: Include the Brightstorm.com logo or screenshot of the website.
Key Points Recap
• Graphing quadratic equations involves finding the y-intercept and x-intercept.
• The leading coefficient (a) determines the shape of the parabola.
• The vertex and axis of symmetry are crucial points that help determine the parabola's characteristics.
• Practicing different methods for graphing is essential for efficiency and accuracy.
• Creating a table of values can be a helpful method when unsure about the shape.
• Brightstorm.com offers additional resources for further learning.
Mastering Graphing Quadratic Equations
• Understanding the key concepts discussed will enable you to confidently graph quadratic equations.
• Practice different methods to become proficient in graphing efficiently.
• Remember to utilize available resources, such as Brightstorm.com, for additional support and learning.
Troy Hunt: Hackers, Scrapers & Fakers: What's Really Inside the Latest L... (www.troyhunt.com)
The flagged LinkedIn dataset consisted of public profiles and fake email addresses, but blaming LinkedIn is not the appropriate response.
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Hackers, Scrapers & Fakers: What's Really Inside the Latest LinkedIn Dataset
Source: www.troyhunt.com - html - 2,127 words - view
Introduction
• Investigating data breaches as a search for truth
• Dataset titled "Linkedin Database 2023 2.5 Millions"
• Combination of publicly available LinkedIn profile data and fabricated email addresses
Dataset Overview
• Over 5.8 million email addresses in the dataset
• Email addresses constructed from first and last names
• Mix of legitimate information and fabricated data
Fabricated Email Addresses
• Pattern of using alias "[first name].[last name]@" on unrelated domains
• Common format, but not universal
• Example of real company email addresses with different formats
Legitimate Data in the Dataset
• Significant component of legitimate data
• Real people, companies, and domains
• Over 1.8k HIBP subscribers in the dataset
Sources of the Data
• Dataset appears to be an aggregation of multiple sources
• Column headings suggest data from LinkedIn, Salesforce, Spendesk, and Hubspot
• Hope to identify the source through public recognition
Action Taken with the Dataset
• Loaded into HIBP as a spam list
• Fabricated email addresses won't impact paid subscriptions
• Majority of people want to know about incidents and make their own decisions
Key Takeaways
• Dataset is a combination of public LinkedIn profiles and fabricated email addresses
• Contains over 5.8 million email addresses, including both legitimate and fake ones
• Significant amount of legitimate data, including real people, companies, and domains
• Important to stay informed and make individual decisions regarding data breaches
Welcome - Math Nation (web.algebranation.com)
Math Nation is an online resource offering videos, workbooks, tools, and assessments for middle and high school students, validated by local universities and serving four states, with free access until June 30, 2021, to support virtual and hybrid learning during COVID-19.
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Math Nation: Empowering Students in Math Education
Source: web.algebranation.com - html - 1,003 words - view
Math Nation: A Powerful Online Resource
• Math Nation helps students master middle and high school mathematics
• Provides 24-hour access to instructional videos, workbooks, and collaborative learning tools
• Offers adaptive assessments and support for personalized learning
Visual: Screenshot of Math Nation homepage
Customized Content for Partner States
• Math Nation customizes content to the academic standards of partner states
• Validation by local universities ensures alignment with state standards
• Currently provides resources in Florida, Mississippi, Michigan, and South Carolina
Visual: Map highlighting partner states
Supporting Virtual and Hybrid Learning
• Math Nation offers free digital access until June 30, 2021
• Enhances virtual and/or hybrid learning during COVID-19
• Students can log in using their Student ID Number and birthdate
• Teachers and administrators can log in using their 7-digit Reference Number and last name
Achieving Better Math Performance
• Math Nation helps students dramatically improve their math performance
• Aligned with the New York Common Core Learning Standards
• Supports students in mastering essential math concepts
Visual: Before and after performance graph
Empowering Students in Math Education
• Math Nation provides dynamic resources for students and teachers
• Customized content and validation ensure high-quality education
• Free access until June 30, 2021, to support virtual and hybrid learning
• Remember to log in using your unique credentials and explore the benefits of Math Nation