Technology
DNS
DNS is the internet's phonebook: it maps human-readable hostnames like google.com to machine-ready IP addresses like 142.250.190.46.
The Domain Name System (DNS) functions as a globally distributed database that resolves alphanumeric URLs into binary network addresses. When a user enters a domain, a recursive resolver queries root servers, TLD nameservers (like .com or .org), and authoritative nameservers to fetch the correct A or AAAA record. This process typically completes in under 50 milliseconds, leveraging UDP port 53 to ensure low-latency connectivity across billions of devices. Without this protocol, the modern web fails: users would be forced to memorize 32-bit IPv4 strings or 128-bit IPv6 hexadecimals for every site they visit.
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