Renderer

The Renderer is the core graphics engine component: it executes the computational process of generating a final 2D image from complex 3D data.

The Renderer engine converts raw scene data—geometry, lighting, and textures—into a final, viewable 2D image by executing the graphics pipeline. This critical process involves advanced calculations, often simulating light transport via techniques like rasterization for real-time applications (e.g., video games) or ray tracing for higher-fidelity offline work (e.g., feature films). For instance, a game engine must render 60+ frames per second (FPS) for smooth play, while professional engines like Arnold or V-Ray prioritize photorealism for high-budget projects. The renderer is the final, non-negotiable step that transforms a digital model into a visual output.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendering_(computer_graphics)