Subprocess

The standard Python module for spawning new processes, managing system pipes, and capturing return codes.

Subprocess consolidates process management into a single interface: replacing older, fragmented tools like os.system and os.spawn. It gives you direct control over system commands (such as git or docker) while handling input, output, and error streams through a clean API. Most users stick to subprocess.run() for synchronous tasks, but the Popen class remains available for complex, non-blocking operations. It is the primary way to bridge Python logic with external CLI utilities and shell environments.

https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html