Summary 9.5 Types of Body Movements - Anatomy and Physiology 2e | OpenStax openstax.org
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Synovial joints allow for flexible and coordinated movement in the body through a wide range of motion.
Slides
Slide Presentation (15 slides)
Key Points
- Synovial joints allow for a wide range of body movements and are essential for providing flexibility and mobility.
- The type of movement at a synovial joint depends on its structural type.
- There are several types of movements that can occur at synovial joints, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, supination, pronation, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion, protraction, retraction, depression, elevation, excursion, superior rotation, inferior rotation, opposition, and reposition.
- Different planes of motion include sagittal plane, coronal plane, and circular motion.
- Each movement is facilitated by the specific structure and function of synovial joints.
Summaries
17 word summary
Synovial joints enable various body movements, providing flexibility, mobility, and coordination through a complex range of motion.
59 word summary
Synovial joints allow for a wide range of body movements, including flexion, extension, lateral flexion, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation, supination, pronation, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion, protraction, retraction, depression, elevation, excursion, superior rotation, inferior rotation, opposition, and reposition. These movements provide flexibility, mobility, and coordination in daily activities by enabling a complex range of motion in the human body.
190 word summary
Synovial joints allow for a wide range of body movements, depending on their structural type. These movements include flexion, extension, lateral flexion, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation, supination, pronation, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion, protraction, retraction, depression, elevation, excursion, superior rotation, inferior rotation, opposition, and reposition.
Flexion and extension occur in the sagittal plane, while lateral flexion happens in the coronal plane. Abduction and adduction are medial-lateral movements within the coronal plane. Circumduction involves a circular movement combining flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction. Rotation can occur at different joints. Supination and pronation are forearm movements. Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion occur at the ankle joint. Inversion and eversion involve the tarsal bones of the foot. Protraction and retraction are anterior-posterior movements of the scapula or mandible. Depression and elevation move the scapula or mandible downward or upward. Excursion is the side-to-side movement of the mandible. Superior rotation and inferior rotation are scapula movements. Opposition brings the thumb in contact with a finger, while reposition returns the thumb to its anatomical position.
These movements provide flexibility, mobility, and coordination in daily activities by enabling a complex range of motion in the human body.
311 word summary
Synovial joints are crucial for flexibility and mobility, allowing for a wide range of body movements. The type of movement that can occur at a synovial joint depends on its structural type. There are numerous types of movements that can occur at synovial joints, including flexion, extension, lateral flexion, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation, supination, pronation, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion, protraction, retraction, depression, elevation, excursion, superior rotation, inferior rotation, opposition, and reposition.
Flexion and extension are anterior or posterior movements of the neck, trunk, or limbs within the sagittal plane. Lateral flexion involves bending the neck or trunk toward the right or left side in the coronal plane.
Abduction and adduction are medial-lateral movements of the limbs, fingers, toes, or thumb within the coronal plane. Abduction moves the limb laterally away from the midline of the body, while adduction brings the limb toward the body or across the midline.
Circumduction is a circular movement that combines flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction at a joint. Rotation can occur within the vertebral column, at a pivot joint, or at a ball-and-socket joint. Supination and pronation are movements of the forearm. Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion are movements at the ankle joint. Inversion and eversion involve the tarsal bones of the posterior foot. Protraction and retraction are anterior-posterior movements of the scapula or mandible. Depression and elevation are downward and upward movements of the scapula or mandible. Excursion is the side-to-side movement of the mandible. Superior rotation and inferior rotation are movements of the scapula. Opposition is a thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger. Reposition returns the thumb to its anatomical position next to the index finger.
These various types of body movements provide flexibility, mobility, and coordination in daily activities. Synovial joints enable the complex range of motion observed in the human body.
587 word summary
Synovial joints allow for a wide range of body movements and are essential for providing flexibility and mobility. The type of movement that can occur at a synovial joint depends on its structural type. There are several types of movements that can occur at synovial joints, including flexion, extension, lateral flexion, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation, supination, pronation, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion, protraction, retraction, depression, elevation, excursion, superior rotation, inferior rotation, opposition, and reposition.
Flexion and extension are movements that take place within the sagittal plane and involve anterior or posterior movements of the neck, trunk, or limbs. Flexion is an anterior bending of the neck or trunk, while extension involves a posterior-directed motion. Lateral flexion occurs in the coronal plane and involves bending the neck or trunk toward the right or left side.
Abduction and adduction motions occur within the coronal plane and involve medial-lateral movements of the limbs, fingers, toes, or thumb. Abduction moves the limb laterally away from the midline of the body, while adduction brings the limb toward the body or across the midline.
Circumduction is the movement of a body region in a circular manner, combining flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction at a joint. This type of motion is found at biaxial condyloid and saddle joints and multiaxial ball-and-socket joints.
Rotation can occur within the vertebral column, at a pivot joint, or at a ball-and-socket joint. Rotation of the neck or body is the twisting movement produced by small rotational movements between adjacent vertebrae. At a pivot joint, one bone rotates in relation to another bone. Rotation can also occur at the ball-and-socket joints of the shoulder and hip, where the humerus and femur rotate around their long axis.
Supination and pronation are movements of the forearm. Supination is the movement that brings the forearm to the palm-forward position, while pronation moves the forearm to the palm-backward position.
Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion are movements at the ankle joint. Dorsiflexion lifts the front of the foot toward the anterior leg, while plantar flexion lifts the heel of the foot from the ground or points the toes downward.
Inversion and eversion are movements that involve the tarsal bones of the posterior foot and stabilize the foot when walking or running on an uneven surface. Inversion turns the bottom of the foot toward the midline, while eversion turns it away from the midline.
Protraction and retraction are anterior-posterior movements of the scapula or mandible. Protraction occurs when the shoulder or lower jaw is moved forward, while retraction involves pulling them backward.
Depression and elevation are downward and upward movements of the scapula or mandible. Elevation is the upward movement of the scapula or lower jaw, while depression is the downward movement.
Excursion is the side-to-side movement of the mandible. Lateral excursion moves the mandible away from the midline, while medial excursion returns it to its resting position.
Superior rotation and inferior rotation are movements of the scapula. Superior rotation occurs when the glenoid cavity moves upward, allowing for upper limb abduction. Inferior rotation involves a downward motion of the glenoid cavity.
Opposition is a thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger. Reposition returns the thumb to its anatomical position next to the index finger.
Overall, these various types of body movements allow for flexibility, mobility, and coordination in daily activities. Each movement is facilitated by the specific structure and function of synovial joints, which enable the complex range of motion observed in the human body.